Preparation of polymer phthalocyanine electrodes and their electrochemical properties

Phthalocyanine coated electrodes are of interest due to their high electrochemical and electrocatalytical activities. Several possibilities to prepare electrodes coated by polymeric phthalocyanine and its precursor are described. Examples of electrochemical (reduction/reoxidation of the films) as well as electrocatalytical properties are presented.     

Dimethylchalkogenide als liganden in kationischen cyclopentadienyleisen-bis(phosphin)-komplexen: synthese, reaktivität und kristallstruktur von [C5H5Fe(P(OCH3)3)2(S(CH3)2)]PF6

Thermal displacement of coordinated nitriles RCN (R = CH₃, C₂H₅ or n-C₃H₇) in [C₅H₅Fe(L₂)(NCR)]X complexes (L₂ = P(OCH₃)₃)₂, (P(OC₆H₅)₃)₂ or (C₆H₅)₂PC₂H₄P(C₆H₅)₂ (DPPE)) by E(CH₃)₂ affords high yields of [C₅H₅Fe(L₂)(E(CH₃)₂)]X compounds (E = S, Se and Te; X = BF₄ or PF₆). Spectroscopic data and ligand displacement reactions are presented and discussed together with related observations on [C₅H₅Fe(CO)₂(E(CH₃)₂)]BF₄ compounds. The molecular structure of [C₅H₅Fe(P(OCH₃)₃)₂(S(CH₃)₂)]PF₆ was determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study: monoclinic, space group P2₁/n-C⁵_2h (No. 14) with a = 8.4064(12), b = 11.183(2), c = 50.726(8) Å, β = 90.672(13)° and Z = 8 molecules per unit cell. The coordination sphere of the iron atom is pseudo-tetrahedral with an Fe---S bond distance of 2.238 Å.     

Synthesis, properties, and the crystal structure of the complex Cp2Yb(DAD)

The diazadiene complex of trivalent ytterbium, Cp₂Yb(DAD) (1) (DAD=Bu^t−N=CH−CH=N−Bu^t) was prepared according to three different procedures, namely, by oxidation of Cp₂Yb(THF)₂ with diazadiene in THF, by the reaction of Cp₂YbCl with DAD²⁻Na⁺ ₂ taken in a ratio of 2∶1, and by the reaction of Cp₂YbCl(THF) with DAD²⁻Na⁺ ₂ taken in a ratio of 1∶1. Complex1 was characterized by microanalysis, IR spectroscopy, magnetochemistry, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 384–386, February, 1999.     

Quantum Correlations,Nuclearity, and Spacetime Curvature

It is proved for a Haag–Araki–Kastler quantum field theory, that gravitation reduces the correlations in the vacuum state. Secondly, we prove Bell's inequalities by nuclearity assumptions. The so-called -content of certain compact mappings restricts the size of the set of measurements which violate Bell's inequalities.     

Measurement of the perfection of nanoscale multilayers

In modern materials science the characterisation of nanostructures is becoming increasingly important. For measurement of the quality of nanoscale multilayer arrangement with high spatial resolution a method is described that is based on the broadening of the spots in the Fourier transformation of transmission electron microscopic images of multilayer cross-sections. Using this method on Si/Ge superlattices with periodic lengths between 4 and 12 nm it could be quantitatively shown that the layer perfection decreases with increasing periodic length. The transition from elastic to plastic deformation between the Si and Ge layers at larger periodic lengths can be the reason for this behaviour.     

Beiträge zur Chemie der Alkylverbindungen von Übergangsmetallen. XXI [1] Versuche zur Alkylierung von Vanadin(IV)-chlorid und Vanadinoxidtrichlorid

Inhaltsübersicht. Es wird über Reaktionen von Vanadin(IV)-chlorid mit Zinkdialkylen und Bortrialkylen berichtet. Dabei entstehen aus Vanadin(IV)-chlorid und Zinkdialkylen Komplexe des Vanadin(III)-chlorids, Vanadin(II)-chlorids und von Alkylvanadindichloriden mit Zinkchlorid, Alkylzinkchloriden oder Zinkdialkylen. Bortrialkyle bewirken die Bildung von reaktivem Vanadin(III)-chlorid, das in Komplexe mit Diäthyläther der Formel VCl₃ · n O(C₂H₅)₂ (n = 1–3) übergeführt werden konnte. Contributions to the Chemistry of Transition Metal Alkyl Compounds. XXI. Experiments for the Alkylation of Vanadium Tetrachloride and Vanadium Oxidetrichloride Abstract. It is reported on experiments for alkylating vanadium tetrachloride by means of zinc dialkyls and boron trialkyls. Zinc dialkyls causes the formation of complexes of vanadium tetrachloride, vanadium trichloride and alkyl vanadium dichlorides with zinc chloride, alkyl zinc chlorides and zinc dialkyls. In the reactions with boron trialkyls high reactive vanadium trichloride is formed, which reacts with diethyl ether to complexes with the formula VCl₃ · n O(C₂H₅)₂ (n = 1–3).     

The EDTA complexes of astatine

Using the electromigration method the monopositive astatine ion has been shown to form EDTA [H₄L] complexes in 0.1M NaClO₄ solution at pH=3–10. The ion mobility of the AtL^3– complex is 5.60/23/x10^–4 cm².V^–1.s^–1.     

Synthese und Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalyse von Bromdi(isopropenyl)bismutan

Synthesis and Single Crystal X‐Ray Structure Analysis of Bromodi(isopropenyl)bismuthane Tri(isopropenyl)bismuthane ( 1 ) reacts with bromine to form bromodi(isopropenyl)bismuthane ( 2 ) and dibromo(isopropenyl)bismuthane ( 3 ). The single crystal X‐ray structure determination of 2 (monoclinic, P 2₁/c; a = 1058.6(3), b = 1127.0(3), c = 1561.3(4) pm, and β = 109.26(2)°; Z = 8 molecules; d_c = 2.803 g/cm³; R = 0.059) shows two crystallographically independent molecules which are connected by Bi–Br…Bi bridges (Bi–Br 282.3(2) and 284.7(2); Br…Bi 302.9(2) and 303.6(2) pm) forming helical chains directed along the b‐axis of the unit cell. Every turn of the helix (360°) consists of four molecules and corresponds to the length of the b‐axis (1127.0(3) pm).     

A Novel Route to Triphenylgermyl Europium Complexes. Crystal Structure of (Ph3Ge)2Eu(DME)3

(Ph₃Ge)₂Eu(THF)₄ ( 1 a ) and (Ph₃Ge)₂Eu(DME)₃ ( 1 b ) have been synthesized by reacting Ph₃GeH with europium naphthalene, C₁₀H₈Eu(THF)₂, in THF or DME, respectively. The reaction of Ph₃GeH with C₁₀H₈[EuI(DME)₂]₂ in DME yielded Ph₃GeEuI(DME)₂ ( 2 ). The addition of two equivalents of CH₃I to a solution of 1 b in THF produced Ph₃GeMe and EuI₂(DME)₂ with almost quantitative yields. Complex 2 easily disproportionates forming mixtures of 1 b and EuI₂(DME)₂. The molecular structure of 1 b was determined from X-ray diffraction data.