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排序方式: 共有148条查询结果,搜索用时 203 毫秒
11.
Alex B. Scholten Jan W. de Haan Hans-Gerd Janssen Leo J. M. van de Ven Carel A. Cramers 《Journal of separation science》1997,20(1):17-23
Retention gape deactivated with Silicone OV-1701-OH show good chromatographic performance and remarkable stability against water induced stationary phase degradrdation. In an attempt to better understand the findamentals off the deactivation process using silanol terminated polysiloxanes, a fumed silica was deactivated with Silicon OV-1701-OH. In contrast to fused silic capillaries, fumed silica (Aerosil A-200) can be studied by 29Si cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning (CPMAS) NMR, thus serving as a model substrate for fused silica. Retention data from inverse gas chromatography at infinite dilurion and 29Si CP MAS NMR data of five Aerosil phases, differing in residual silanol surface concentration, are correlated with the aim of validating this approach for stationary phase characterization. A comparatively detailed model of the deactivating polymer layer that explains the observed absorption activities is deduced. Surface silanols are shown to play a key role in the polymer layer, the structure of which is of primary importance for the absorption behavior after deactivation. Contrary to common belief, the absolute silanol surface concentration after deativation is only of secondary importance for the overall absorption activity. High silanol surface concentrations enhance degradation of the polysiloxane chains into small cyclic fragments as well as subsequent absorption and immobolization to the silica substrate surface. The mobility of linear polysiloxane chains in the kHz regime (as determined bby NMR cross-polarization dynamics) appears to determine the extent which the residual silanols are accessible for analytes. It is therefore anticipated that there is an optimum silanol surface concentration of fused silica surfaces to be deactivated with silanol terminated polysiloxanes; it should be lazrge enough to adsord polymer fragments, but not large to avoid excessive residual silanol activity. 相似文献
12.
Testing polyethylene materials for stress cracking resistance at elevated temperatures in the presence of a detergent solution is relatively popular. The detergents used for these tests are—to our knowledge—only of the ethoxylated nonylphenol type (trade names: Igepal, Antharox, Arkopal). Extensive investigations of solutions of these nonionic detergents used at 80 °C have shown that they are very susceptible to oxidation. Oxidation has already started after about one day at 80 °C and leads to erroneous failure times of polyethylene test bars exposed to the detergent and to an unacceptably large scatter in the data.
An alternative anionic alkylbenzene sulphonate (ABS) detergent has been tested which, when dissolved in drinking water, produces reproducible failure times of welded polyethylene samples, if the age of the detergent solution does not exceed about 2000 h at 80 °C. 相似文献
13.
14.
K. F. Hassan S. Spellerberg B. Scholten Z. A. Saleh S. M. Qaim 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2014,302(1):689-694
A novel anion-exchange chromatographic method for separation of radioiodine from an antimony target irradiated with 3He- or α-particles was developed, with separation yield of radioiodine amounting to 90 ± 5 % and its decontamination factor from the Te and Sb radionuclides to ~104. The optimized separation method developed was then applied to the production of 124I via the 121Sb(α,n)124I process using a highly enriched 121Sb target. Quality control tests showed that the separated 124I occurred >99 % as iodide and the longer lived impurities 126I and 125I amounted to 0.16 % and <0.05 %, respectively. The trace level of inactive Sb impurity was determined by ICP–OES. 相似文献
15.
P.?RudolphEmail author F.J.?Ligterink J.L.?Pedersoli Jr. M.?van Bommel J.?Bos H.A.?Aziz J.B.G.A.?Havermans H.?Scholten D.?Schipper W.?Kautek 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2004,79(2):181-186
Paper is one of the most important materials in cultural heritage given its extensive use as the data carrier for religious, artistic and scientific records. For both aesthetic and conservation reasons, cleaning of these materials is often needed. Current paper cleaning methods using conventional means are not always sufficient, e.g. for the local cleaning of paper in the vicinity of sensitive media. In this respect a ns-pulse laser provides a valuable tool for solving difficult cleaning problems. The influence of various laser wavelengths (355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm) and the ageing status of modern paper test systems were studied. Colorimetric measurements, the determination of the average molecular mass of cellulose, and chemiluminescence analysis proved to be useful for the characterization of the laser-treated paper. Treatment with green laser light at =532 nm below the paper ablation threshold fluence gave the most promising results on pure papers, with no discolouration and no other visible alteration, nor detectable chemical changes. PACS 06.60.J; 78.60.Ps; 81.65.Cf 相似文献
16.
To describe photo- and meson-induced reactions on the nucleon, one is faced with a rather extensive coupled-channel problem.
Ignoring the effects of channel coupling, as one would do in describing a certain reaction at the tree level, invariably creates
a large inconsistency between the different reactions that are described. In addition, the imaginary parts of the amplitude,
which are related through the optical theorem, to total cross-sections, are directly reflected in certain polarization observables.
Performing a full coupled-channel calculation thus offers the possibility to implement the maximum number of constraints.
The drawback one is faced with is to arrive at a simultaneous fit of a large number of reaction channels. While some of the
parameters are common to many reactions, one is still faced with the challenge to optimize a large number of parameters in
a highly non-linear calculation. Here we show that such an approach is possible and present some results for photoinduced
strangeness production. 相似文献
17.
C. Dirks B. Scholten S. Happel A. Zulauf A. Bombard H. Jungclas 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2010,286(3):671-674
Cu isotopes (e.g. 64Cu) increasingly find use in radiopharmaceutical applications, accordingly fast and reliable methods for the production of
these isotopes are needed. The aim of the presented project is the characterization of a Cu selective extraction chromatographic
resin for the fast and selective separation of Cu radionuclides, e.g. from irradiated targets. The characterisation of the
resin includes the determination of weight distribution factors D
w
of Cu, Ni, Zn and other potentially interfering elements and impurities for varying acids and pH values, the influence of
macro amounts of Ni and Zn on the extraction of Cu as well as the influence of other potential interferents. Based on the
obtained results, a method for the separation of Cu and its purification from irradiated Ni or Zn targets was developed and
tested on simulated Ni and Zn targets. 相似文献
18.
I. V. Ajinenko Yu. A. Belokopytoy H. Bialkowska H. Boettcher F. Bottorweck P. V. Chliapnikov F. Crijns A. de Roeck E. A. de Wolf K. Dziunikowska A. M. F. Endler A. Eskreys Z. C. Garutchava Y. Golubkov H. Graessler G. R. Gulkanyan P. van Hal R. Sh. Hakobyan T. Haupt W. Kittel D. Kisielewska B. B. Levchenko F. Meijers A. B. Micha?owska Th. Naumann V. I. Nikolaenko K. Olkiewicz B. Pawlik L. P. Petrovikh R. P?ll?nen V. M. Ronjin A. M. Rybin H. M. T. Saarikko W. Schmitz L. Scholten L. N. Smirnova O. G. Tchikilev A. G. Tomaradze V. A. Uvarov F. Verbeure R. Wischnewski EHS-NA Collaboration 《Zeitschrift fur Physik C Particles and Fields》1989,42(3):377-385
Multiplicity distributions, observed inK + interactions with Al and Au nuclei at 250 GeV/c incident momentum are presented. They are analyzed in the framework of multiple collisions of the incident particle inside a nucleus. The probability distribution of the number of grey tracks is well described by the model of Andersson et al., if a negative binomial distribution is assumed for the distribution of the number of grey protons produced per elementary collision instead of the usual geometrical distribution. The analysis of the average and dispersion of the charge multiplicity distribution supports the validity of the multiple collision model, including results on correlations between forward and backward multiplicities. 相似文献
19.
M. M. Shehata B. Scholten I. Spahn H. H. Coenen S. M. Qaim 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2011,287(2):435-442
A method for the separation of no-carrier-added arsenic radionuclides from the bulk amount of proton-irradiated GeO2 targets as well as from coproduced radiogallium was developed. The radionuclides 69Ge and 67Ga produced during irradiation of GeO2 were used as tracers for Ge and Ga in the experiments. After dissolution of the target the ratio of As(III) to As(V) was
determined via thin layer chromatography (TLC). The extraction of radioarsenic by different organic solvents from acid solutions
containing alkali iodide was studied and optimized. The influence of the concentration of various acids (HCl, HClO4, HNO3, HBr, H2SO4) as well as of KI was studied using cyclohexane. The optimum separation of radioarsenic was achieved using cyclohexane with
4.75 M HCl and 0.5 M KI and its back-extraction with a 0.1% H2O2 solution. The separation leads to high purity radioarsenic containing no radiogallium and <0.001% [69Ge]Ge. The overall radiochemical yield is 93 ± 3%. The practical application of the optimized procedure in the production
of 71As and 72As is demonstrated and batch yields achieved were in the range of 75–84% of the theoretical values. 相似文献
20.
Wayland E. Noland Mary J. Walhstrom Michael J. Konkel Mark E. Brigham Annette G. Trowbridge Lisa M. C. Konkel Ronald P. Gourneau Cheryl A. Scholten Nina H. Lee John J. Condoluci Todd S. Gac Mehrdad Mostafaei Pour Peter M. Radford 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1993,30(1):81-91
Tetrahydrocarbazoles have been prepared in one-flask syntheses from indoles, ketones or aldehydes, and maleimides, with acid catalysis. The reactions involve a condensation of the indole with the ketone or aldehyde, followed by an in situ trapping of the vinylindole in a Diels-Alder addition with a maleimide. Isomerization of the double bond into the indole nucleus gave the tetrahydrocarbazoles which were isolated ( 6, 9 , and 10 ). Variation of the indole, carbonyl compound, and maleimide has been explored. The predominant stereochemistry of the tetrahydro ring in the products is all-cis, although a second stereoisomer has been isolated. Two regioisomers were generated from all unsymmetrical 2-alkanones, except 2-butanone, which gave the single isomer 9a . Aromatization of tetrahydrocarbazoles 6 to carbazoles 7 was accomplished with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone. 相似文献