The host-guest chemistry of resorcinarenes

Conformations, acid-base and supramolecular properties of phenolic metacyclophanes obtained from the condensation of resorcinol with aldehydes are discussed, including the mechanisms involved in the formation of these macrocycles. The strong binding of choline-type compounds and the inhibition of acetylcholine hydrolysis with therccc stereoisomers is mechanistically evaluated; arctt isomer shows strong conformational coupling for, e.g., choline binding and simultaneous proton release. The presence of larger alkyl residues at the bottom of therccc macrocycle leads to an additional binding site for small lipophilic substrates, which is independent of the upper complexation center for positively charged substrates. Substitution at the upper rim by carboxylic groups at the 2-position of the phenyl rings yields receptors for, e.g., , -diammonium ions with alternate equatorial and axial arylunits. Positively charged substituents at the upper rim, introduced by aminoalkylation, lead to little change of complexation as a result from their orientation away from the binding center. Aminoacid substituents, for the same reason, do not lead to enantioselective complexation, but allow particularly for strong binding of transition metal ions. Preliminary studies show that resorcinarenes bearing a wide array of positive charges are potent groove binders to ds-DNA without intercalative contributions.This paper is dedicated to the commemorative issue on the 50th anniversary of calixarenes.     

Connection Formulas for Second Order Differential Equations with a Complex Parameter and Having an Arbitrary Number of Turning Points

We consider the differential equation on a finite interval I, where I contains m turning points, that is here, zeros of ?. Using asymptotic estimates proved by R. E. LANGER for solutions of (*) for intervals containing only one turning point we derive asymptotic estimates (for ρ → ) for a special fundamental system of solutions of (*) in I. The results obtained are fundamental for the investigation of eigenvalue problems defined by (*) and suitable boundary conditions.     

Global existence via Ginzburg-Landau formalism and pseudo-orbits of Ginzburg-Landau approximations

The so-called Ginzburg-Landau formalism applies for parabolic systems which are defined on cylindrical domains, which are, close to the threshold of instability, and for which the unstable Fourier modes belong to non-zero wave numbers. This formalism allows to describe an attracting set of solutions by a modulation equation, here the Ginzburg-Landau equation. If the coefficient in front of the cubic term of the formally derived Ginzburg-Landau equation has negative real part the method allows to show global existence in time in the original system of all solutions belonging to small initial conditions, inL . Another aim of this paper is to construct a pseudo-orbit of Ginzburg-Landau approximations which is close to a solution of the original system up tot=. We consider here as an example the socalled Kuramoto-Shivashinsky equation to explain the methods, but it applies also to a wide class of other problems, like e.g. hydrodynamical problems or reaction-diffusion equations, too.     

Temperature dependence of the magnetic penetration depth in YBa2Cu3O6.95

We report precision transverse fieldSR measurements of the internal field distribution in the vortex state of crystalline YBa₂Cu₃O_6.95. A novel low background apparatus was used to study a mosaic sample of three high quality single crystals (T_c=93.3K). The observed frequency spectra in magnetic fields of 5kG and 15 kG applied along the c-axis have the characteristic features expected for a regular vortex lattice with some additional broadening. From a preliminary analysis we find that [(0)/(T)]² has a linear temperature coefficient forT<30 K. Such a term is inconsistent with simple s-wave pairing in the superconducting state. These results support recent microwave measurements of(T) on similar crystals in zero applied field but differ significantly from previousSR reports on sintered powders and crystals with lower T_c.This research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.     

RF-μSR study of muonium charge states and dynamics in Si

The radio frequencySR technique developed at TRIUMF was used to measure the temperature dependence of the diamagnetic muon, Mu, and Mu^* amplitudes in silicon between 10 K and 500 K. Six samples doped with phosphorus (n-type) and boron (p-type) in the concentration range 10¹¹ to 10¹⁵ cm^–3 were studied. In pure Si a very good fit over the whole temperature range is obtained from a model that includes the ionization of Mu^* and Mu to a bond centered ⁺ followed at high temperature by charge exchange involving Mu.     

Spectroscopy of excited state positronium

Electric dipole transitions in the microwave range have been induced between the fine-structure levels of positronium in the excited staten=2. As an indication of the transitions, we used the increase in Lyman- radiation when the metastable 2³S₁-level is depopulated. The results for the transitions 2³S₁2³P_0,1,2 are ₀=18499.65±1.20±4.00 MHz, ₁=13012.42 ±0.65±1.54 MHz and ₂=8624.38±0.54±1.40 MHz. The first error is statistical and the second systematic. The precision of the present measurement has improved by a factor of 3, compared to previous data. Recent bound state QED-calculations have been extended to the orderR _t8 ⁴ln ^–1. The not yet completely calculated orderR _t8 ⁴ is estimated to contribute less than 1 MHz. Our experimental results are in good agreement with theory. By applying a weak magnetic field, we were able to observe the transition 2³S₁2¹P₁ which is strictly forbidden byC-invariance in zero field. Our result, corrected for Zeeman- and motional Starkeffect, is ₃=11180.0±5.0±4.0 MHz. An upper limit for theC-violating matrix element of MHz could be deduced. Our experiment used moderated slow positrons from the bremsstrahlung and pair production of a pulsed electron linear accelerator (TEPOS facility at the university of Giessen).     

Critical behavior of electric field gradient in MnSi studied by muon level-crossing resonance

The electric quadrupole interaction of⁵⁵Mn nuclei was studied in the weakly ferromagnetic system MnSi using muon level-crossing resonance (LCR) technique. The temperature dependence of the electric field gradient (EFG) shows a critical behavior near the ferromagnetic transition temperature, indicating that the EFG due to the conduction electron is strongly correlated with the magnetic susceptibility in the itinerant electron magnetism. The temperature dependence of EFG is in reasonable agreement with the self-consistent renormalization theory developed by Moriya and coworkers.We gratefully acknowledge helpful discussion with Dr. N. Nishida. We also wish to thank Keith Hoyle and Curtis Ballard for technical support.