Documenting laryngeal change following prolonged loud reading: A videostroboscopic study

This study investigated the effects of prolonged loud reading on trained and untrained subjects. Subjects were eight young women singers, and eight young women with limited musical experience. Each subject underwent videostroboscopic examination prior to and following 1 h of prolonged loud reading. The pretest and posttest videotaped samples were randomized and presented to three experienced judges, who evaluated various aspects of laryngeal appearance and vibratory characteristics. Analyses of group data revealed that untrained subjects showed a small but significant increase in amplitude of vocal fold excursion following the experimental task. No significant differences were noted in the trained singer group. When individual variation was analyzed, it was found that most subjects did not show many changes from pretest to posttest. It was concluded that a l-h loud-reading task was not sufficient to induce notable laryngeal alterations     

Thermodynamics of CaCO3 phase transitions

Thermodynamic quantities of the aragonite → calcite transition, were evaluated using results of calorimetric investigations. (1) Dissolution enthalpies of the CaCO₃ polymorphs aragonite and calcite measured near room temperature with different calorimeter, (2) the enthalpy of the spontaneous phase transformation obtained by differential scanning calorimetry, (3) heat capacities and heat capacity differences determined with a heat flux calorimeter as well as previously determined, (4)e.m.f. data on Gibbs-energies of the phase transition were processed simultaneously with an optimization routine developed recently. The optimized data set (25°C) given below corresponds reasonably with CODATA recommendations, however, the precision has markedly improved.     

Extrem aufgeweitete Tetrathiafulvalene mit Polyen-Spacern. Carotinoide Tetrathiafulvalene. Polymethin-tetracyanotetrathiafulvalen-Radikalkationen,eine neue Klasse von Violenen

Extremely Expanded Tetrathiafulvalenes with Polyene Spacers. Carotinoid Tetrathiafulvalenes. Polymethin-Tetracyanotetrathiafulvalene Radical Cations, a New Class of Violenes The synthesis of extended tetrathiafulvalenes 11 with di-, tetra-, hexa-, octa-, deca- and dodecamethine spacers is described by a PPh₃-induced Wittig-reaction-like condensation of the corresponding polyenedials 10 with 2-thio-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dicarbonitrile ( 9 ). By the same procedure, the dimethyloctamethine- and the tetramethyl-hexadecamethine-tetrathiafulvalenes 14 and 15 , respectively, were obtained. The extended tetrathiafulvalenes represent multistep vinylogous redox systems of the ‘violene type’. They can be oxidized to give the cyanine-like radical cations, e.g. 11 _sem, 14 _sem, and 15 _sem, and the dications, e.g. 11 _ox, 14 _ox, and 15 _ox; their UV/VIS/NIR spectra are reported. The crystal and molecular structure of (all-E)-2,2′-(octa-2,4,6-trien-1,8-diylidene)bis[1,3-dithiole-4,5-dicarbonitrile] ( 11e ) was determined: it is a rod-like, planar molecule; in the crystal, it forms staples along the longest molecule axis. The CV measurements confirm that the redox potentials of 11, 14 , and 15 decrease asymptotically with the increasing length of the spacer. Because of the close relationship of the extended tetrathiafulvalenes (ETTF's) to the carotinoids, they are named ‘caroviologenes’; they formally belong to the class of molecular wires.     

Rydberg series in the photoionization spectrum of Pd I

We present the first experimental investigation of the photoionization in Pd I using the synchroton radiation facility of the 800 MeV electron storage ring in Berlin (BESSY) and atomic beam technique. The experiments have been concentrated on the study of the Rydberg series of autoionizing levels $\text{4}\text{d}{}^9\text{(}{}^2\text{D}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{)n}\text{p}$ and nf which lie between the two 4d thresholds.     

The level structure of 114Cd from (n, γ) and (d,p) studies

Gamma rays and conversion electrons have been measured following thermal neutron capture in ¹¹³Cd using the crystal spectrometers GAMS and the β-spectrometer BILL at the High Flux Reactor of the ILL at Grenoble. Primary γ-rays following thermal and average resonance neutron capture at E_n = 2 keV and 24 keV were recorded at the High Flux Beam Reactor at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. The ¹¹³Cd(d, p)¹¹⁴Cd reaction was studied with the Q3D spectrograph at the Munich tandem accelerator. Combining all these experimental results an almost complete level scheme of ¹¹⁴Cd was constructed up to 3.3 MeV including 48 excited levels with spin and parity information. The level scheme is discussed in terms of particle-hole excitations across the Z = 50 closed shell coupled to collective states, as well as in an interacting boson configuration mixing scheme.     

Nitric oxide reduction by CO ON Rh(111): Temperature programmed reaction

The reaction of NO with CO on Rh(111) has been studied with temperature programmed reaction (TPR). Comparisons are made with the reaction of O₂ with CO and the reaction of NO with H₂. The rate-determining step for both CO oxidation reactions is CO(a) + O(a) → CO₂(g). Repulsive interactions between adsorbed CO and adsorbed nitrogen atoms lead to desorption of CO in a peak at 415 K which is in the temperature range where the reaction between CO(a) and O(a) produces CO₂(g). Thus the extent of reaction of CO(a) with NO(a) is less than that between CO(a) and O(a) due to the lower coverage of CO caused by adsorbed N atoms and NO. A similar repulsive interaction between NO(a) and H(a) suppresses the NO + H₂ reaction. CO + NO reaction behavior on Rh(111) is compared to that observed on Pt(111).     

Plasma Beam Discharge in Carbon Dioxide

The paper deals with the dissociation of carbon dioxide in nonequilibrium plasma of a stationary plasma-beam discharge. Experimental results of spectroscopic and probe measurements of plasma parameters are given. Moreover, a mass-spectrometric analysis of gaseous products of the chemical reactions is presented. In addition the measurement of the deposition rate of solid products by means of a quartz oscillator is described. The results show that plasma beam discharge is an effective tool for inducing plasma-chemical reactions.