Angular momentum decoupling approximations in the quantum dynamics of reactive systems

Two methods for implementing angular momentum decoupling approximations in quantum mechanical reactive scattering examined. Applications of both reactive and nonreactive H + H₂ collisions indicate that for the most intense individual reactive transitions and for all degeneracy-averaged ones, these decoupling methods (especially the “proper” decoupling method) yield results in good agreement with those of fully-coupled calculations. However, for the less intense reactive transitions and all individual nonreactive transitions, very large errors can result from use of these approximate methods.     

Intrazelluläre Lokalisierung und Funktion von NADPH-Cytochromc-Reduktase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Zusammenfassung Das Flavoprotein NADPH-Cytochromc-Reduktase aus Hefe ist im Gegensatz zu bisherigen Anschauungen kein Enzym der mitochondralen Atmungskette, sondern an bisher unbekannte subzelluläre Partikel gebunden, die nach Homogenisieren der Hefezellen von den Mitochondrien abgetrennt werden können. Die Beteiligung von Cytochromb ₂ oder einer Transhydrogenase-reaktion an der Elektronenübertragung von NADPH auf Cytochromc in einem Hefehomogenat konnte ausgeschlossen werden. Die Natur der neuen Hefepartikel sowie die physiologische Funktion des Enzyms NADPH-Cytochromc-Reduktase werden diskutiert.Abkürzungen NADPH reduziertes Nikotinamid-adenin-dinukleotidphosphat - NADH reduziertes Nikotinamid-adenin-dinukleotid - Tris Tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethan - BAL 1,2-Dimercapto-3-hydroxypropan - RNase Ribonuklease - ATPase Adenosintriphosphatase - EDTA Äthylendiamintetraessigsäure Mit 2 Abbildungen     

Development of a beam of very slow polarized muons

During the last few decades, a variety of methods has been developed which makes use of polarized positive muons as a microscopic probe of the magnetic properties of condensed matter (muon spin rotation, relaxation, resonance,SR). Until now, available beams for SR studies have delivered 100% polarized muons with energies in the MeV range, resulting in a deep penetration of the muons into the sample material under investigation. This presently limits the applications of theSR technique to the study of the bulk characteristics of matter. To be able to control the implantation depth, a very low energy beam of polarized muons is being developed at the Paul Scherrer Institute. Very slow polarized muons (kinetic energy 10 eV, polarization 90%) are obtained from the moderation of a high energy muon beam in a thin film of an appropriate condensed gas. These muons can be used as a source for a beam of tunable energy between a few tens of eV and some tens of keV. Implantation depths in the range of few to a few hundreds of nanometers can thus be achieved by varying the energy.     

Non-reactive metal/semiconductor interfaces: a combined AES,AFM andPAC study

Thin In films on Ge(100), Si(100) andSi(111) are investigated using Auger-electron spectroscopy (AES), atomic force microscopy (AFM) andperturbed -angular correlation (PAC) spectroscopy, respectively. The growth mode of the metal films is characterized by in situ AES measurements, indicating distinct differences between the different substrate surfaces. Additional AFM investigations are used to monitor the film topography at higher metal coverage. Finally, the local crystalline structure of the films is studied by the PAC technique.     

Über die Reaktion von Δ9,12-Linolsäureester in Wasser, 5. Mitt.: Mechanismus der Glykolysehemmung bei Tumorzellen durch wasserlösliche Fettsäureester-Hydroperoxyde

Zusammenfassung In vorangegangenen Arbeiten dieser Mitteilungsreihe konnte die Hemmwirkung der wasserlöslichen Lipid-hydroperoxyde auf Atmung und Glykolyse vonEhrlich-Ascites-Tumorzellen festgestellt werden.Ferner wurde gefunden, daß die Lipid-hydroperoxyde (LHPO) nicht über eine Schädigung des intrazellulären DPN-Systems wirksam sind und ihrer Hemmwirkung wahrscheinlich eine oxydative Inaktivierung der SH-Enzyme der Glykolysekette zugrunde liegt. Zur experimentellen Prüfung dieser Annahme werden daher zunächst die isolierten Glykolyseenzyme Hexokinase, Glucose-6-phosphat-Dehydrogenase, Aldolase, Glycerinaldehydphosphat-Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) und Lactat-Dehydrogenase (LDH) nach Einwirkung von Präparat LHPO getestet. Die Messungen ergeben, daß nur die GAPDH und die LDH durch Präparat LHPO inaktiviert werden. Bestimmt man nun die Aktivität dieser beiden Enzyme in einem Extrakt, der aus den intakten und mit LHPO inkubierten Tumorzellen gewonnen wurde, so findet man hier eine vollständige Inaktivierung (halbmaximale Dosis 7,1·10^–5m Lipid-hydroperoxyd/l). Damit scheint der Wirkungsmechanismus von Präparat LHPO hinsichtlich der Glykolysehemmung klargestellt.Mit 1 AbbildungHerrn Prof. Dr.A. Zinke anläßlich seines 70. Geburtstages mit den besten Wünschen überreicht.     

What controls the melting properties of DNA-linked gold nanoparticle assemblies?

We report a series of experiments and a theoretical model designed to systematically define and evaluate the relative importance of nanoparticle, oligonucleotide, and environmental variables that contribute to the observed sharp melting transitions associated with DNA-linked nanoparticle structures. These variables include the size of the nanoparticles, the surface density of the oligonucleotides on the nanoparticles, the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium, target concentration, and the position of the nanoparticles with respect to one another within the aggregate. The experimental data may be understood in terms of a thermodynamic model that attributes the sharp melting to a cooperative mechanism that results from two key factors: the presence of multiple DNA linkers between each pair of nanoparticles and a decrease in the melting temperature as DNA strands melt due to a concomitant reduction in local salt concentration. The cooperative melting effect, originating from short-range duplex-to-duplex interactions, is independent of DNA base sequences studied and should be universal for any type of nanostructured probe that is heavily functionalized with oligonucleotides. Understanding the fundamental origins of the melting properties of DNA-linked nanoparticle aggregates (or monolayers) is of paramount importance because these properties directly impact one's ability to formulate high sensitivity and selectivity DNA detection systems and construct materials from these novel nanoparticle materials.     

Growth and melting behaviour of thin in films on Ge(100)

Growth and melting behaviour of thin indium films on Ge(100) have been investigated by Auger-electron spectroscopy (AES), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and perturbed angular correlation (PAC) spectroscopy, respectively. At room temperature inidium is found to grow in three-dimensional islands even at submonolayer coverages. A very rough film surface is observed for thicknesses up to 230 ML. The melting behaviour of such films has been studied by PAC. A reduction of the melting temperature T _m as well as a strong supercooling of the films is observed. The electric field gradient for ¹¹¹In(¹¹¹Cd) in the indium islands is determined as a function of temperature and is used to monitor the local crystalline order of the films up to temperatures just below the melting point.