Interaction of loosely bound radioactive 7Be and stable 7Li with 9Be

Quasielastic scattering angular distributions have been measured for the ⁷Be + ⁹Be system at E _lab = 17 , 19 and 21MeV in the angular range $ \theta_{{cm}}^{}$ = 24^° - 57^° . An optical model (OM) analysis of these data has been carried out in order to extract optical potential parameters and reaction cross-sections. One-proton stripping cross-sections were also measured for this system at E _lab = 19 and 21MeV. These transfer angular-distribution data were compared with the finite-range distorted-wave Born approximation (FRDWBA) calculations. For the ⁷Li + ⁹Be system quasielastic scattering angular distributions were measured and emitted light charged particles were detected at E _lab = 15.75 , 24.00 and 30.00MeV in the angular range $ \theta_{{cm}}^{}$ = 7^° - 70^° . Fusion cross-sections were obtained by reproducing the measured $ \alpha$ -evaporation spectra from the compound nucleus at backward angles with the statistical model calculations. The ratios of the experimental fusion cross-sections to the total reaction cross-sections (obtained from OM analysis) were found to be small. This result suggests that the break-up process has a strong influence on the fusion process leading to a reduction in the fusion cross-section.     

Electric quadrupole interactions in nano-structured SnO 2 as measured with PAC spectroscopy

Measurements of the electric quadrupole interaction were used to characterize pure and cobalt-doped samples of SnO₂ prepared by the sol-gel method. Perturbed gamma–gamma angular correlation (PAC) spectroscopy using ¹¹¹In–¹¹¹Cd probe nuclei was employed for these measurements. A methodology was developed for sample preparation that were prepared by sol-gel method from pure metallic Sn (99.9999%) and Co (99.9998%) as starting materials. Carrier-free ¹¹¹In was added to the precursor sol-gel solution prior to the formation of gel. PAC measurements were carried out to follow the formation of the SnO₂. PAC measurements were carried out in the temperature range from 10 k to 1123 K and the results show that the electric quadrupole frequency depends on the annealing temperature.     

Absence of room temperature ferromagnetism in transition metal doped ZnO nanocrystalline powders from PAC spectroscopy

Local structural and electronic environment around ¹¹¹In probe atoms in transition metal doped Zn_1???xT_xO (T=Mn, Co, V and Ni; x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.05) and Cu co-doped Zn_1???xCo_xCu_0.01O (x = 0.01–0.04) have been monitored on an atomic scale by Perturbed Angular Correlation (PAC) spectroscopy. Single phase nanocrystalline powders were synthesized at low annealing temperatures by sol-gel method. PAC measurements exhibited the well known quadrupole interaction frequency, $\upnu_{\rm Q} =$ 31 MHz, which have been attributed to the substitutional incorporation of ¹¹¹In in ZnO matrix. PAC results did not reveal any evidence of magnetic ordering down to 77 K in pure and doped ZnO, which is consistent with the recent observation of paramagnetic behavior in transition metal doped ZnO with synchrotron based studies.     

Influence of Tetra Alkyl Ammonium Cation on Thermo-Physical Properties of N,N-Dimethyl Formamide with 1,4-Dioxane at Different Temperatures

Ultrasonic technique, transport properties and related acoustical parameters of 1,4-dioxane and N,N-dimethyl formamide were prepared of different % compositions at variable temperatures using tetra alkyl ammonium iodide salts (R₄NI) of 0.14 M, to investigate inter-ionic interactions, molecular interactions, molecular rearrangement, molecular association etc. The densities were measured by using magnetic float densitometer. Transport properties provide a deep and meaningful insight of various interactions taking place between the binary liquid mixtures with salts. We have observed the influence of small as well as large alkyl chain length (R₄N⁺), and extract the information with respect to various kinds of intermolecular interactions such as dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, solute-solvent, dispersive type and H-bonding interaction between the components. Such observations in the presence of specific molecular interactions of binary solutions and structural effects were analyzed on the basis of measured and derived thermo-dynamical parameters.     

Evaluating Properties of Green Concrete Produced Using Waste Marble Powder,Quarry Dust,and Paper Pulp

Industrial waste locks are used as raw materials to reduce harmful effects on the environment and improve environmental performance. Marble clay powder can be used as a filling aid and can fill voids in concrete structures. This article will show you how to use a maximum natural sand alternative in concrete with marble powder and quarry dust. The challenge of the 21st century is to change to a new form that can support the natural system. This necessitates a radical rethinking of how to give the community infrastructure and housing. Making a concerted effort to develop novel, innovative, and alternative construction materials may be necessary. Jungles of concrete around cause's impact on the Environment and it would result in climate change. Mankind must avoid the use of things that are detrimental to the environment. So in this paper, it is decided to address the issue by adopting the use of the green concrete concept which is environmentally friendly. Green concrete is concrete made up using industrial wastes such as marble powder, quarry dust, wood ash, paper pulp, etc. Green concrete, which is capable of sustainable development, helps to reduce the consumption of natural resources, energy use, and environmental pollution. Green concrete is more cost-effective than ordinary concrete and reduces the cost of resultant concrete by 14%–20%. It is also observed that the alkali-aggregate reaction and sulfate attack resistance of concrete are both significantly improved. Green concrete is a useful tool for lowering environmental pollution and enhancing concrete's resistance to harsh conditions. All stages of infrastructure construction and rehabilitation will follow this trend of using new cement and techniques. Green concrete's adaptability and its performance derivatives will meet a variety of future needs.