Column preconcentration of titanium in aluminium and zinc alloys with oxalic acid-ascorbic acid and the ion-pair of sodium 1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulphonic acid and tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride supported on naphthalene using spectrometry

A solid ion-pair compound produced from sodium 1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulphonic acid (Tiron) and tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride(TDBA) supported on naphthalene in a simple glass-tipped funnel tube provides a simple adsorbent system for preconcentrating titanium from some alloys. Titanium reacts with Tiron to form a water-soluble coloured chelate anion which in turn forms a water-insoluble stable titanium/Tiron/TDBA complex with the ion-pair on the surface of naphthalene packed in a column. Titanium is quantitatively retained on the naphthalene in the presence of L-ascorbic acid and oxalic acid in the pH range 3.0-4.5 and at a flow-rate of 1 mil/min. The metal complex and naphthalene were dissolved from the column with 5 ml of dimethylformamide(DMF), and the absorbance of the solution was measured at 398 nm. A calibration graph was linear over the range 1-18 mug of titanium in 5 ml of the final DMF solution. The complex has a molar absorptivity of 1.39 x 10(4) l.mole(-1).cm(-1) and a sensitivity of 3.44 x 10(-3) mug/cm(2) for 0.001 absorbance. Eight replicate determinations for a sample containing 12 mug of titanium gave a mean absorbance of 0.697 with a relative standard deviation of 0.82%. The interference of various ions was studied and optimum conditions were developed for the determination of titanium in various aluminium and zinc alloys.     

Anti-androgenic triterpenoids from the Brazilian medicinal plant, Cordia multispicata

Compounds 1-6 were isolated from the AcOEt soluble fraction of leaves of the Brazilian medicinal plant, Cordia multispicata, and their structures were elucidated to be 3beta,25-epoxy-21beta-acetoxy-3alpha,22beta-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-al (1), 3beta,25-epoxy-28-acetoxy-3alpha,21beta,22beta-trihydroxyurs-12-ene (2), 21beta-acetoxy-22beta-hydroxy-3-oxours-12-en-28-al (3), 28-acetoxy-6beta, 21beta,22beta-trihydroxy-3-oxours-12-ene (4), 21beta,22beta-dihydroxy-3-oxours-1 2-en-28-al (5) and 3beta,21beta,22beta-trihydroxyurs-I2-en-28-al (6), respectively, by means of spectral data, especially two dimensional NMR techniques. Triterpenes having the hemiketal structure at the A-ring, an acyloxy group at C-22 and/or ketone at C-3 showed potent anti-androgenic activity.     

Determination of palladium by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry after separation by extraction of its nioximate into molten naphthalene

Summary A selective analytical method has been developed for the determination of palladium in synthetic mixtures by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Nioxime reacts with palladium(II) to form a thermally stable complex which is quantitatively extracted into molten naphthalene in the pH range of 1.0–6.0. The extracted solid is separated from aqueous solution by filtration and dissolved in 10%n-butylamine solution of dimethylformamide. The palladium content in this solution is measured at 244.7 nm by AAS with an air-acetylene flame. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 7–120g of palladium in 10 ml of DMF solution. The sensitivity is 0.13g/ml Pd for 1% absorption. For ten replicate analyses of 60g of palladium the relative standard deviation was 0.5%.

---

Bestimmung von Palladium durch AAS nach Extraktion seines Nioximates in geschmolzenes Naphthalin

Zusammenfassung Ein selektives Analyseverfahren zur Bestimmung von Palladium in synthetischen Gemischen durch AAS wurde ausgearbeitet. Nioxim reagiert mit Pd(II) unter Bildung eines stabilen Komplexes, der bei pH 1,0–6,0 quantitativ in geschmolzenes Naphthalin extrahiert wird. Der feste Extrakt wird von der wäßrigen Lösung abfiltriert und in der 10% igen Lösung von Dimethylformamid inn-Butylamin gelöst. Deren Pd-Gehalt wird bei 244,7 nm durch AAS mit einer Acetylen-Luftflamme bestimmt. Das Beersche Gesetz gilt für 7–120g Pd in 10 ml DMF. Die Empfindlichkeit beträgt 0,13g/ml Pd für 1% Absorption. Für 10 wiederholte Analysen von 60g Pd beträgt die Standard-Abweichung 0,5%.

     

Hairpin conformation of amphidinols possibly accounting for potent membrane permeabilizing activities

Amphidinols are a unique dinoflagellate metabolite with potent antifungal activity. We examined membrane permeabilizing action by amphidinol analogues with structural variations in polyhydroxy and polyene moieties. Consequently, the polyene and polyhydroxy moieties turned out to play important roles in binding to lipid bilayer membrane and in forming ion-permeable pore/lesion across membrane, respectively. NMR-constrained modeling experiments have revealed for the fist time that amphidinols in membrane generally take a hairpin configuration, which plausibly accounts for their potent antifungal and other membrane permeabilizing activities.     

Studies on analytical methods by amperometric titration using a rotating platinum electrode: Part 47. Successive Determination of L-Cysteine and L-Cystine by Amperometric Titration

The successive determination of {spl}-cysteine and {spl}-cystine (2–5 μmol of each) in mixtures is achieved by amperometric titration with standard potassium iodate solution using a rotating platinum wire electrode at + 0.6 V vs. SCE. {spl}-Cysteine is titrated in acidic bromide-containing solution; sodium chloride (15 g) is then added and the titration is continued to determine L-cystine.     

Purification of CH3Cl from CH3I using cold trap with sealed 2,2,4-trimethylpentane for δCl measurement

A cryogenic separation method of chloromethane (CH₃Cl) from methyl iodide (CH₃I) for δ³⁷Cl measurement with isotope ratio mass spectrometer is described. A cold trap with sealed 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (TMP) as the cryogen is used in this method. CH₃Cl can be separated from CH₃I at the TMP melting point (−107 °C) based on the difference in the vapor pressure between CH₃Cl (322.6 Pa) and CH₃I (lower than 1.3 Pa) at −107 °C. After two-step separation processes, the yields of CH₃Cl purified from CH₃Cl-CH₃I mixture are 96-101%, and the difference between the δ³⁷Cl_original and δ³⁷Cl_{After separation} is from −0.06 to +0.06‰ (0.01 ± 0.04‰). These results suggest that CH₃Cl is completely separated from CH₃I with no change of δ³⁷Cl value. This method using the cold trap with sealed TMP is very safe and not harmful, because the liquid organic compound used as the cryogen is contained in the trap and does not evaporate during the separation procedure. This method is also simple and inexpensive relative to the method using a gas chromatograph.     

A new secoiridoid glucoside, amaronitidin, from the Peruvian folk medicine "Hercampuri" (Gentianella nitida).

A new secoiridoid glucoside designated amaronitidin (1) was isolated from the Peruvian folk medicine "Hercampuri" (Gentianella nitida) along with three known secoiridoid glucosides. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic investigation.     

Spectrophotometric determination of nitrite in natural waters using diazotization-coupling method with column preconcentration on naphthalene supported with ion-pair of tetradecyldimethylbenzyl-ammonium and iodide

A column preconcentration method has been established for the spectrophotometric determination of traces of nitrite using diazotization and coupling on an naphthalene-tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium (TDBA)-iodide (I) adsorbent. Nitrite ion reacts with sulfanilic acid (SA) in the pH range 1.8–3.0 for the SA-1-naphthol system and in the pH range 2.3–3.2 for the SA-1-naphthylamine-4-sulfonate system (SA-NAS system) in hydrochloric acid medium to form water-soluble colourless diazonium cations. These cations were coupled with 1-naphthol in the pH range 1.6–4.6 and with NAS in the pH range 2.6–5.0 to be retained on naphthalene-TDBA-I packed in a column. The solid mass was dissolved from the column with 5 mL of dimethylformamide (DMF) and the absorbance measured at 418 nm for the SA-1-naphthol system and at 485 nm for the SA-NAS system. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range 0.02–0.87 mg/L for SA-1-naphthol and 0.02–0.80 mg/L in the sample for SA-NAS. The molar absorptivity was calculated to be 1.70 × l0⁴ Lmol⁻¹ cm⁻¹ for SA-1-naphthol and 1.66 × l0⁴ L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹ for SA-NAS. The detection limits were found to be 0.014 and 0.016 mg/L for SA-1-naphthol and SA-NAS, respectively. The preconcentration factors were 8 and 6 for SA-1-naphthol and SA-NAS, respectively. Replicate determinations of seven sample solutions containing 6.6 ug of nitrite for SA-1-naphthol and 5.3 ug of nitrite for SA-NAS gave mean absorbances of 0.486 and 0.382 with relative standard deviations of 0.49 and 0.58%, respectively. Interferences due to various foreign ions have been studied and the method has been applied to the determination of 27–65 μg/L levels of nitrite in natural waters. The recovery and relative standard deviation for water samples were 98–102% and 0.49–0.58% for both systems. Presented at the 29th Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale, Leipzig, Germany, 27 August –1 September 1995     

Spectrophotometric determination of nitrite in environmental waters using column preconcentration on biphenyl

Column preconcentration methods have been established for the spectrophotometric determination of trace nitrite with sulfanilic acid (SA) orp-aminoacetophenone (AAP) as the diazotizable aromatic amine andN, N-dimethylaniline (DMA) or 1-aminonaphthalene (AN) as the coupling agent, using differention-pairs co-precipitated with biphenyl. Nitrite ion reacts with SA in the pH range 2.0–3.0 and AAP in the pH range 1.7–3.0 in HCl medium to form water-soluble colourless diazonium cations. These cations are subsequently coupled with DMA in the pH range 3.7–6.1 for the SA-DMA system and AN in the pH range 1.7–2.3 for the AAP-AN system to be retained on microcrystalline biphenyl packed in a column. The solid mass is dissolved out from the column with 5 ml of DMF and the absorbance is measured by a spectrophotometer at 420 nm for the SA-DMA system and at 517 nm for the AAP-AN system. The calibration was linear over the concentration ranges 0.3–6.0 g of nitrite in 5 ml of DMF solution (i.e., 0.02–0.40 g/ml in the sample solution) for the SA-DMA system and 0.5–7.0 g of nitrite in 5 ml of DMF solution (i.e., 0.03–0.47 g/ml in the sample solution) for the AAP-AN system. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity were respectively 2.63 × 10⁴lmol^–1cm^–1 and 1.75 × 10^–3 g cm^–2 for SA-DMA and 3.28 × 10⁴lmol^–1 cm^–1 and 1.40 × 10^–3 g cm^–2 for AAP-AN. The concentration factors were 4 and 16 for SA-DMA and AAP-AN, respectively. The detection limits were 0.0138 and 0.0175 g/ml NO₂ ^– for SA-DMA and AAP-AN, respectively. Seven replicate determinations of a solution containing 3.5 g of nitrite gave mean absorbances of 0.410 and 0.500 with relative standard deviations of 0.51 and 0.55% for SA-DMA and AAP-AN, respectively. Interference from various foreign ions has been studied and the methods have been applied to the determination of nitrite in environmental samples.     

Column Preconcentration of Aluminum and Copper(II) in Alloys, Biological Samples, and Environmental Samples with Alizarin Red S and Cetyltrimethylammonium-Perchlorate Adsorbent Supported on Naphthalene Using Spectrometry

A column method has been established for the preconcentration of aluminum and copper(II) with Alizarin Red S and a cetyltrimethylammonium-perchlorate ion pair supported on naphthalene, using a simple glass-tipped tube. Aluminum and copper(II) react with Alizarin Red S to form water-soluble colored chelate anions. These chelate anions form water-insoluble ternary complexes with the adsorbent on the inactive surface of naphthalene packed into a column. They are quantitatively retained in the pH ranges of 4.7-5.2 for aluminum and 5.0-10.0 for copper. The solid mass is dissolved out from the column with 5 ml of dimethylformamide (DMF) for aluminum and 5 ml of ethanol for copper and the absorbance was measured with a spectrometer at 525 nm for aluminum and at 529 nm for copper. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration ranges of 0.25-5.0 μg of aluminum in 5 ml of DMF solution and 0.50-12.0 μg of copper in 5 ml of ethanol solution. The molar absorptivities and Sandell′s sensitivities were respectively calculated to be 2.8 × 10⁴ liter · mol⁻¹ · cm⁻¹ and 9.62 × 10⁻⁴ μg · cm⁻² for aluminum and 2.5 × 10⁴ liter · mol⁻¹ · cm⁻¹ and 2.5 × 10⁻³ μg · cm⁻² for copper. Seven replicate determinations of sample solutions containing 2.5 μg of aluminum and 6.0 μg of copper gave mean absorbances of 0.520 and 0.480 with relative standard deviations of 1.67 and 0.33%, respectively. Interference due to various foreign ions has been studied and the method has been applied to the determination of aluminum in standard alloys, tea leaves, vehicle particulates, copper in coal fly ash, and commercial salt samples.