Diffuse ultra-high energy neutrino fluxes and physics beyond the Standard Model

We study spectral distortions of diffuse ultra-high energy (UHE) neutrino flavour fluxes resulting due to physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). Even large spectral differences between flavours at the source are massaged into a common shape at earth by SM oscillations, thus, any significant observed spectral differences are an indicator of new physics present in the oscillation probability during propagation. Lorentz symmetry violation (LV) and neutrino decay are examples, and result in significant distortion of the fluxes and of the well-known bounds on them, which may allow UHE detectors to probe LV parameters, lifetimes and the mass hierarchy over a broad range.     

One pot synthesis of important retinoid synthon by the catalytic regioselective bi-functionalization of acetylenes,alcohol and carbon monoxide

Base free Fe(CO)₅ catalyzed one-pot synthesis of E/Z alkyl 3-formyl-3-alkyl/aryl/ferrocenyl-2-propenoates (retinoid esters) was achieved by the photolysis of alcoholic solution of terminal acetylenes and carbon monoxide. 8–10 Mol% of ironpentacarbonyl was used as a catalyst for significant transformations of retinoid esters. During the photolysis, alkynes reduced by the simultaneous double functionalization esterification and formylation and resulted in regioselective E/Z isomers of alkyl 3-formyl-3-alkyl/aryl/ferrocenyl-2-propenoates. The bi-functionalization of acetylene is quite unusual and is not observed frequently. The highest yield of the retinoid esters was achieved with 3° alcohols (96%, for E and Z isomers) while the least yield was observed with 1° alcohols (25%, for E and Z isomers). All retinoid esters are regiospecific and have exceptional biological significance to serve as key structural motifs in drug and pharmaceutical applications.     

Stretching and collapse of neutral polymer layers under association with ionic surfactants

We provide experimental evidence for stretching and collapse of neutral polymer layers, already adsorbed at an oil-in-water interface, due to its interaction with surfactants. Upon stretching, the first interaction length (2L(0)) follows a power law dependence on surfactant concentration ( proportional, variant C(x)(s), where x approximately 0.5 for cationic surfactants) and collapses in the presence of salt, as a relatively weak power law (C(-y)(s), where y=0.17), in good agreement with brush length decay for polyelectrolyte brushes.     

Estimation of a random coefficient model under linear stochastic constraints

Summary A random coefficient model in which means of random coefficients are subject to a set of linear stochastic constraints is considered and estimators for the means of coefficients are proposed. Their asymptotic properties are presented and some remarks on efficiency are placed.     

Synthesis of 2-deamino- and 2-deamino-2-nitroactinomycin D

A single step synthesis of 2-deaminoactinomycin D ( 3a ) and 2-deamino-2-nitroactinomycin D ( 2a ) arising from actinomycin D ( 1a, AMD ) is reported. Structural confirmation was made by nmr, ir and chemical conversion to known materials.     

Synthesis and studies on dichloro iodo triphenylphosphine oxide nickel(III)

A new compound of nickel(III), [Ni(OPPh₃)Cl₂I] has been prepared by the action of nitrosyl chloride or chlorine gas on [Ni(PPh₃)₂I₂]. Various physical studies of the compound are reported.     

Bulk ablation of soft tissue with intense ultrasound: modeling and experiments

Methods for the bulk ablation of soft tissue using intense ultrasound, with potential applications in the thermal treatment of focal tumors, are presented. An approximate analytic model for bulk ablation predicts the progress of ablation based on tissue properties, spatially averaged ultrasonic heat deposition, and perfusion. The approximate model allows the prediction of threshold acoustic powers required for ablation in vivo as well as the comparison of cases with different starting temperatures and perfusion characteristics, such as typical in vivo and ex vivo experiments. In a full three-dimensional numerical model, heat deposition from array transducers is computed using the Fresnel approximation and heat transfer in tissue is computed by finite differences, accounting for heating changes caused by boiling and thermal dose-dependent absorption. Similar ablation trends due to perfusion effects are predicted by both the simple analytic model and the full numerical model. Comparisons with experimental results show the efficacy of both models in predicting tissue ablation effects. Phenomena illustrated by the simulations and experiments include power thresholds for in vivo ablation, differences between in vivo and ex vivo lesioning for comparable source conditions, the effect of tissue boiling and absorption changes on ablation depth, and the performance of a continuous rotational scanning method suitable for interstitial bulk ablation of soft tissue.