Telluride-Based Materials: A Promising Route for High Performance Supercapacitors

As supercapacitor (SC) technology continues to evolve, there is a growing need for electrode materials with high energy/power densities and cycling stability. However, research and development of electrode materials with such characteristics is essential for commercialization the SC. To meet this demand, the development of superior electrode materials has become an increasingly critical step. The electrochemical performance of SCs is greatly influenced by various factors such as the reaction mechanism, crystal structure, and kinetics of electron/ion transfer in the electrodes, which have been challenging to address using previously investigated electrode materials like carbon and metal oxides/sulfides. Recently, tellurium and telluride-based materials have garnered increasing interest in energy storage technology owing to their high electronic conductivity, favorable crystal structure, and excellent volumetric capacity. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental properties and energy storage performance of tellurium- and Te-based materials by introducing their physicochemical properties. First, we elaborate on the significance of tellurides. Next, the charge storage mechanism of functional telluride materials and important synthesis strategies are summarized. Then, research advancements in metal and carbon-based telluride materials, as well as the effectiveness of tellurides for SCs, were analyzed by emphasizing their essential properties and extensive advantages. Finally, the remaining challenges and prospects for improving the telluride-based supercapacitive performance are outlined.     

Peristaltic transport of fourth grade fluid with heat transfer and induced magnetic field

We investigate the influence of an induced magnetic field on the peristaltic flow of an incompressible fourth grade fluid in a symmetric channel with heat transfer. Adopting long wavelength, low Reynolds number and small Deborah number assumptions we derive the solutions for stream function, pressure gradient, temperature, magnetic force function, induced magnetic field and current density. Qualitative agreement is demonstrated between the graphs and expected observations.     

Thermal performance of micro-polymers containing nano-solid structures during transport phenomenon

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The inclusion of solid nano-structures in the liquid changes its rheology and hence its thermal performance. This article considers the impact of...     

Simultaneous Determination of Tranexamic Acid and Losartan Potassium in Dosage Formulations and Human Serum by RP-LC

Rapid liquid chromatographic procedure for analytical quality control of pharmaceutical preparations and human serum containing drugs, tranexamic acid together with losartan potassium are proposed, using acetonitrile: water (50:50), adjusting pH to 2.6 with phosphoric acid as a mobile phase, UV detection at 205 nm and propylparaben sodium was used as internal standard. The results obtained showed a good agreement with the declared contents. The method shows good linearity in the range of 40–10,000 ng mL^?1 for tranexamic acid serum concentrations with a correlation coefficient 0.9999 (inter- and intra-day CV <3.18) and in the range 5–10,000 ng mL^?1 for losartan potassium serum concentrations with a correlation coefficient 0.9999 (inter- and intra-day CV <3.61). The recovery was >97.8%. The proposed method may be used for the quantitative analysis of tranexamic acid and losartan potassium alone or in combination from raw materials, in bulk drugs, dosage formulations and in serum.     

Determination of <Superscript>90</Superscript>Sr in environment of district Swat,Pakistan

Assessment of ⁹⁰Sr is of great interest owing to the fact that this artificially produced radionuclide has high radiological importance because of its high fission yield, chemical similarity to calcium and its relatively long biological and physical half-life. To assess the likely hazard to population, low level ⁹⁰Sr in environmental samples is determined using pre-equilibrated tri-butyl phosphate (TBP) solvent and extraction-liquid scintillation procedure. ⁹⁰Y is selectively extracted from nitric acid solution into TBP solvent and stripped into aqueous phase as oxalate. The activity is finally measured by low level liquid scintillation counter using Cerenkov radiation. The specific activity is found only in three vegetation samples with average value of 2.86±1.7 Bq·kg⁻¹ of dry weight. In all other samples analyzed, the activity is below the detectable limit, i.e., 0.03 Bq. Results obtained are comparable with other areas of Pakistan. The chemical recovery of ⁹⁰Y varies from 75 to 90% for soil, vegetation and water. The present study provides a general background of the detectable radionuclide for the surveyed area that will be helpful in any radiological emergency.     

Electrical conductivity in TlI-TiO2 composite solid electrolyte

Composite materials of formula (1−x)TlI−xTiO₂, x=0-0.7, have been prepared and studied by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and electrical conductivity. The materials were found to be binary phase systems with titania particles distributed between the grains of thallium iodide. The electrical conductivity got enhanced in the composition range x=0.1-0.5 and then decreased with further increase in the titania content. The behaviour is explained in terms of disordering phenomena at the interface regions and space-charge layers formed in the bulk grains of thallium iodide. Moreover, the increased content of titania in the system leads to the disappearance of order-disorder (β-α) phase transition in thallium iodide, which is usually observed in the pure compound. This behaviour was explained by the stabilizing effect of β-phase at high temperatures and at higher contents of titania. X-ray diffractograms do not show any indication to the presence of α-phase at ambient temperature, i.e. the phase could not be stabilized in the investigated system.     

Enhancement of ionic conductivity in the composite solid electrolyte system: TlI–Al2O3

This paper reports the heterogeneously doped alumina (Al₂O₃) on the ionic conductivity of thallium iodide. Composite materials of formula (1 − x) TlI–xAl₂O₃, x = 0–0.7 have been prepared and studied by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and electrical conductivity. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry proved the formation of composite in this binary system. The maximum enhancement observed is about three orders of magnitude with respect to the host material. The enhancement of electrical conductivity in comparison with pure thallium iodide can be interpreted with the space charge layer model. Moreover, the increased content of alumina in the system leads to the disappearance of phase transition β–α thallium iodide, which is usually observed in the pure compound. This behavior was explained by stabilizing effect of β-phase at high temperatures and suppression of α-phase at higher contents of alumina.