Collective character of spin excitations in a system of Mn2+ spins coupled to a two-dimensional electron gas

We have studied the low energy spin excitations in n-type CdMnTe based dilute magnetic semiconductor quantum wells. For magnetic fields for which the energies for the excitation of free carriers and Mn spins are almost identical, an anomalously large Knight shift is observed. Our findings suggest the existence of a magnetic-field-induced ferromagnetic order in these structures, which is in agreement with recent theoretical predictions [Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 077202 (2003)]].     

State-filling and magneto-photoluminescence of excited states in InGaAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots

We present the first radiative lifetime measurements and magneto-photoluminescence results of excited states in InGaAs/GaAs semiconductor self-assembled quantum dots. By increasing the photo-excitation intensity, excited state interband transitions up ton= 5 can be observed in the emission spectrum. The dynamics of the interband transitions and the inter-sublevel relaxation in these zero-dimensional energy levels lead to state-filling of the lower-energy states, allowing the quasi-Fermi level to be raised by more than 200 meV due to the combined large inter-sublevel spacing and the low density of states. The decay time of each energy level obtained under various excitation conditions is used to evaluate the inter-sublevel thermalization time. Finally, the emission spectrum of the dots filled with an average of about eight excitons is measured in magnetic fields up to 13 Tesla. The dependences of the spectrum as a function of carrier density and magnetic field are compared to calculations and interpreted in terms of coherent many-exciton states and their destruction by the magnetic field.     

Review of lattice results concerning low-energy particle physics

We review lattice results relevant for pion and kaon physics with the aim of making them easily accessible to the particle physics community. Specifically, we review the determination of the light-quark masses, the form factor f ₊(0), relevant for the semileptonic K→π transition at zero momentum transfer as well as the ratio f _K /f _π of decay constants and discuss the consequences for the elements V _us and V _ud of the CKM matrix. Furthermore, we describe the results obtained on the lattice for some of the low-energy constants of SU(2) _L ×SU(2) _R and SU(3) _L ×SU(3) _R Chiral Perturbation Theory and review the determination of the B _K parameter of neutral kaon mixing. We introduce quality criteria and use these when forming averages. Although subjective and imperfect, these criteria may help the reader to judge different aspects of current lattice computations. Our main results are summarized in Sect. 1.2, but we stress the importance of the detailed discussion that underlies these results and constitutes the bulk of the present review.     

Excitonic energy shell structure of self-assembled InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots

Performing optical spectroscopy of highly homogeneous quantum dot arrays in ultrahigh magnetic fields, an unprecedently well resolved Fock-Darwin spectrum is observed. The existence of up to four degenerate electronic shells is demonstrated where the magnetic field lifts the initial degeneracies, which reappear when levels with different angular momenta come into resonance. The resulting level shifting and crossing pattern also show evidence of many-body effects such as the mixing of configurations and exciton condensation at the resonances.     

Spin-blockade spectroscopy of a two-level artificial molecule

Coulomb- and spin-blockade spectroscopy investigations have been performed on an electrostatically defined "artificial molecule" connected to spin polarized leads. The molecule is first effectively reduced to a two-level system by placing both constituent atoms at a specific location of the level spectrum. The spin sensitivity of the conductance enables us to identify the electronic spin states of the two-level molecule. We find in addition that the magnetic field induces variations in the tunnel coupling between the two atoms. The lateral nature of the device is evoked to explain this behavior.     

Detailed description of the violations of Bjorken scaling in QCD (including higher-order corrections)

We present a compendium of formulae and parameters required to study the violations of Bjorken scaling, up to and including the subleading (i.e. O(α_S)) corrections.     

Penguins with charm and quark–hadron duality

The integrated branching fraction of the process B→X _s l ⁺ l ⁻ is dominated by resonance background from narrow charmonium states, such as B→X _s ψ→X _s l ⁺ l ⁻, which exceeds the non-resonant charm-loop contribution by two orders of magnitude. The origin of this fact is discussed in view of the general expectation of quark–hadron duality. The situation in B→X _s l ⁺ l ⁻ is contrasted with charm-penguin amplitudes in two-body hadronic B decays of the type B→π π, for which it is demonstrated that resonance effects and the potentially non-perturbative threshold region do not invalidate the standard picture of QCD factorization. This holds irrespective of whether the charm quark is treated as a light or a heavy quark.     

The microwave induced resistance response of a high mobility 2DEG from the quasi-classical limit to the quantum Hall regime

Microwave induced resistance oscillations (MIROs) were studied experimentally over a very wide range of frequencies ranging from 20 GHz up to 4 THz, and from the quasi-classical regime to the quantum Hall effect regime. At low frequencies regular MIROs were observed, with a periodicity determined by the ratio of the microwave to cyclotron frequencies. For frequencies below 150 GHz the magnetic field dependence of MIROs waveform is well described by a simplified version of an existing theoretical model, where the damping is controlled by the width of the Landau levels. In the THz frequency range MIROs vanish and only pronounced resistance changes are observed at the cyclotron resonance. The evolution of MIROs with frequency is presented and discussed.     

K→(ππ)(I=2) decay amplitude from lattice QCD

We report on the first realistic ab initio calculation of a hadronic weak decay, that of the amplitude A(2) for a kaon to decay into two π mesons with isospin 2. We find ReA(2)=(1.436±0.063(stat)±0.258(syst))10(-8) GeV in good agreement with the experimental result and for the hitherto unknown imaginary part we find ImA(2)=-(6.83±0.51(stat)±1.30(syst))10(-13) GeV. Moreover combining our result for ImA(2) with experimental values of ReA(2), ReA(0), and ε'/ε, we obtain the following value for the unknown ratio ImA(0)/ReA(0) within the standard model: ImA(0)/ReA(0)=-1.63(19)(stat)(20(syst)×10(-4). One consequence of these results is that the contribution from ImA(2) to the direct CP violation parameter ε' (the so-called Electroweak Penguin contribution) is Re(ε'/ε)(EWP)=-(6.52±0.49(stat)±1.24(syst))×10(-4). We explain why this calculation of A(2) represents a major milestone for lattice QCD and discuss the exciting prospects for a full quantitative understanding of CP violation in kaon decays.     

The two-antidot system in the ballistic regime

A tunable two-antidot device is studied in the cyclotron-trapping regime. Periodic quantum oscillations are found to be superimposed on the peaks reminiscent of those observed in antidot lattices. The results are compared to quantum and classical simulations and Feynman path integral analysis. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.