A review on the failure and regulation of solid electrolyte interphase in lithium batteries

Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) has been widely recognized as the most important and the least understood component in lithium batteries.Considering the intr...     

NANO SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING IN SOLID MECHANICS

According to National Science Foundation （NSF） Director A. Bement, ‘Transformative research is... research driven by ideas that stand a reasonable chance of radically changing our understanding of an important existing scientific concept or leading to the creation of a new paradigm or field of science is also characterized by its challenge to current understanding or its pathway to new frontiers.＇ Nanotechnology is one of such frontiers. It is the creation of new materials, devices and systems at the molecular level--phenomena associated with atomic and molecular interactions strongly influence macroscopic material properties with significantly improved mechanical, optical, chemical, electrical... properties. Former NSF Director Rita Colwell in 2002 declared, ‘nanoscale technology will have an impact equal to the Industrial Revolution＇. The transcendent technologies include nanotechnology, microelectronics, information technology and biotechnology as well as the enabling and supporting mechanical and civil infrastructure systems and materials. These technologies are the primary drivers of the twenty first century and the new economy. Mechanics is an essential eleraent in all of the transcendent technologies. Research opportunities, education and challenges in mechanics, including experimental, numerical and analytical methods in nanomechanics, carbon nano-tubes, bio-inspired materials, fuel cells, as well as improved engineering and design of materials are presented and discussed in this paper.     

冰浆在蓄冰槽内的蓄冰特性及其均匀度研究

对动态冰蓄冷中蓄冰槽蓄冰过程的动态特性进行实验研究,分析了影响蓄冰形成富冰层形状变化的参数:入口冰浆流量、固相含量、初始液面高度及入口管布置。分析实验结果,总结实验规律表明:冰浆流量与固相含量对富冰层变形影响较大,其它因素次之;增大上述两参数能够有效提高堆积富冰层的均匀性,提高蓄冰槽的有效利用率。     

基于Roujean和Ross-Li模型算法的不同户外光照南疆冬枣BRDF特性研究

不同光照下,如何消除或减小反演数据差异,提高检测精度,是目前南疆冬枣户外检测中遇到的一大难题,因此通过用高光谱相机获得的南疆冬枣二向反射分布函数(BRDF)测量值,采用最小二乘法拟合Roujean模型和Ross-Li模型的参数,最后对比Roujean模型和Ross-Li模型反演的结果,提出何种天气何段波长用何种模型反演...     

Application of an LC–MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of Homovanillic Acid and Vanillylmandelic Acid for the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Neuroblastoma in 357 Patients

Homovanillic acid (HVA) and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) are end-stage metabolites of catecholamine and are clinical biomarkers for the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. For the first time in Korea, we implemented and validated a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) assay to measure urinary concentrations of HVA and VMA according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Our LC–MS/MS assay with minimal sample preparation was validated for linearity, lower limit of detection (LOD), lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), precision, accuracy, extraction recovery, carryover, matrix effect, and method comparison. A total of 1209 measurements was performed to measure HVA and VMA in spot urine between October 2019 and September 2020. The relationship between the two urinary markers, HVA and VMA, was analyzed and exhibited high agreement (89.1% agreement, kappa’s k = 0.6) and a strong correlation (Pearson’s r = 0.73). To our knowledge, this is the first study to utilize LC–MS/MS for simultaneous quantitation of spot urinary HVA and VMA and analyze the clinical application of both markers on a large scale for neuroblastoma patients.     

Tuning the electric transport behavior of AgCrSe2 by intrinsic defects

Science China Chemistry - The two-dimensional (2D) structure often leads to unusual phenomena for the impact of confined mean free path of carrier scattering. As a quasi-2D layered material,...     

Antibacterial ultrafiltration membrane with silver nanoparticle impregnation by interfacial polymerization for ballast water

Interfacial polymerization technology was employed to immobilize silver (Ag) nanoparticles on the surface of commercial polyethersulfone (PES) membrane to develop antibacterial and antifouling ultrafiltration membrane. Ag nanoparticles were prepared from the reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO₃) by sodium borohydride in the presence of polyethyleneimine (PEI) as the stabilizer. The encapsulated Ag nanoparticles in the PEI solution were embedded into the PEI membrane when trimesoyl chloride solution was used to crosslink the PEI solution with the PES membrane, forming Ag-polyamide (PA) networks through the interfacial polymerization reaction. Experimental results showed that the membrane prepared with 50 mmol/L of AgNO₃ and 20 mmol/L of PEI had the optimized antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli. Bacterial concentration and species were also investigated. Exiguobacterium aestuarii and Staphylococcus aureus which are gram-positive bacteria, needed significantly more time for the Ag-PA/PES membrane to kill the bacteria completely when compared to E.coli and Vibrio coralliilyticus which are gram-negative bacteria. This study showed that Ag nanoparticles impregnated in membrane surfaces were 100% effective in killing various types of marine bacteria and bacteria in the seawater collected off Sentosa Island in Singapore. These membranes exhibit excellent antibacterial and antifouling properties which can be used to kill bacteria in ballast water and seawater.     

Unraveling Ultrafast Photoinduced Proton Transfer Dynamics in a Fluorescent Protein Biosensor for Ca2+ Imaging

Imaging Ca²⁺ dynamics in living systems holds great potential to advance neuroscience and cellular biology. G‐GECO1.1 is an intensiometric fluorescent protein Ca²⁺ biosensor with a Thr‐Tyr‐Gly chromophore. The protonated chromophore emits green upon photoexcitation via excited‐state proton transfer (ESPT). Upon Ca²⁺ binding, a significant population of the chromophores becomes deprotonated. It remains elusive how the chromophore structurally evolves prior to and during ESPT, and how it is affected by Ca²⁺. We use femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy to dissect ESPT in both the Ca²⁺‐free and bound states. The protein chromophores exhibit a sub‐200 fs vibrational frequency shift due to coherent small‐scale proton motions. After wavepackets move out of the Franck–Condon region, ESPT gets faster in the Ca²⁺‐bound protein, indicative of the formation of a more hydrophilic environment. These results reveal the governing structure–function relationship of Ca²⁺‐sensing protein biosensors.     

Non-Markovian Dynamics of Two-level System in a Composite Environment

We have studied the non-Markovian decoherence dynamics of the two-level system in a composite environment, which consists of a spin-star environment and a boson reservoir. By use of the measures presented recently, we theoretically study the non-Markovianity of the dynamics of the model.