基于石墨相氮化碳量子点直接荧光猝灭法检测碘离子的研究

石墨相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)荧光纳米材料具有原料便宜、制备容易、荧光量子产率高、光学稳定性好、毒性低等优点,并且避免有机荧光染料复杂的合成步骤或者金属半导体量子点对环境潜在的危害,这些优点使得g-C₃N₄纳米材料成为新兴的荧光探针用于检测金属离子。最近,已有文献报道重金属汞离子能够高灵敏高选择性地猝灭g-C₃N₄量子点的荧光,加入碘离子能够提取被键合的汞离子形成碘化汞(HgI₂)进而恢复g-C₃N₄量子点的荧光,从而建立一种高灵敏检测碘离子的荧光传感器。然而,该方法依然需要重金属汞离子的参与,限制了该方法的推广应用。通过硝酸氧化块体g-C₃N₄并结合水热法处理制备了一种水溶性好、荧光强度高的g-C₃N₄量子点。该量子点的荧光发射波长位于368 nm,且其荧光发射波长不随激发波长的改变而改变,表明该量子点的尺寸比较均一。笔者发现碘离子在220 nm处有一个较强的吸收峰,与该量子点的激发光谱(中心波长245 nm)具有较大的重叠,从而产生内滤效应引起该量子点的荧光发生猝灭。利用这一性质,构建了一种选择性检测碘离子的新型荧光传感器。在最优检测条件下,g-C₃N₄量子点的荧光猝灭强度(ΔF)与碘离子浓度(X,μmol·L-1)在10～400 μmol·L-1之间具有良好的线性关系,线性方程为ΔF=0.325 79X+6.039 05(R2=0.999 5),检出限为5.0 μmol·L-1。通过“混合即检测”并且不需要借助与重金属离子的配位作用就能够检测碘离子,因此该方法具有快速、环保以及操作简便等优点。     

Intensity Distribution and Phase Vortices of Speckle Fields Generated by Multi-Aperture Random Scattering Screens

The intensity distribution and phase vortices of the speckle fields generated by multi-aperture random scattering screens are simulated, and it is found that the vortices exhibit layer-like structures and the dislocation phenomena occur in the local phase patterns produced by the two-pinhole aperture, whose phase distributions appear as striped structures. For three- or four-pinhole aperture, there are many circular bright spots appearing in the speckle grains, and there is one vortex between the neighboring circular bright spots. The positive and negative phase vortex lattices appear in the phase distributions, and the regions circled by the isothetic phase lines form irregular quadrilaterals or hexagons. Moreover, the relative positions of the vortices or bright spots can be adjusted by changing those of the pinhole apertures.     

利用HIRFL-CSR开展分子离子复合离解研究的可行性分析

介绍了储存环高精度分子谱学研究的科学意义、 国内外研究现状和利用HIRFL-CSR开展该项研究的优势, 着重论证了HIRFL-CSR分子离子注入实验环的总体设计方案和技术方案。 通过在HIRFL-CSR实验环上增建一条分子离子注入线, 将实验环改造成能兼顾现有物理实验和大分子物理研究的综合性研究平台, 为分子离子复合离解研究提供良好的技术支撑。 特别是质量数大于70的分子离子, 能显著提高其能量分辨。 In the present paper, it is introduced the scientific background and the current status of the high precision spectroscopy of the molecular ions at cooler storage ring. The advantages to study the dissociative recombination(DR) processes using cooler storage ring CSRe are discussed. The physics design,the main parameters of the injection beam line and the injection of the molecular ions into the CSRe and the key techniques are described in detail. With a new injection beam line,HIRFL-CSRe will be reconstructed to a multi discipline research platform,offering good opportunities for the study of DR processes of molecular ions,especially for that of the molecular ions of m>70 amu with much improved resolution.     

一种基于高斯混合模型的改进EM算法研究

针对传统EM算法存在估计参数不具有最优性,以及在参数估计中需要人工参与等问题,提出一种基于高斯混合模型的改进EM算法。采用无人工参与的无监督思想,获取高斯混合模型对直方图拟合的最优参数组合。实验表明,该算法不仅能够快速地估计模型参量,而且能够给出最优参数,并在图像增强中使细节更明显,对比度更适中。     

Study on High-Temperature Spectra of Asymptotic Asymmetric-Top Molecule O3

The line intensities of 001-000 transition of the asymptotic asymmetric-top O₃ molecule at several temperatures are calculated by directly calculating the partition functions and regarding the rotationless transition dipole moment squared as a constant. The calculated values of the total internal partition sums (TIPS) are consistent with the data of HITRAN database with -0.61% at 296 K. The calculated line intensity data at 500 K and 3000 K are also in excellent agreement with the data in HITRAN database with less than 0.659% and 5.458% at 500 K and 3000 K, which provide a strong support for the calculations of partition function and line intensity at high temperature. Then we extend the calculation to higher temperatures. The line intensities and simulated spectra of ν₃ band of the asymptotic asymmetric-top O₃ molecule at 4000 and 5000 K are reported. The results are of significance for the studying of the molecular high-temperature spectrum including experimental measurements and theoretical calculations.     

基于Gm-APD的成像激光雷达目标探测特性

针对采用盖革模式雪崩光电二极管（Gm-APD）作为探测器的成像激光雷达,介绍了其测距原理及3D成像原理,并对如何提高其探测性能的方法进行了分析。以分析Gm-APD触发信号的统计特性为基础,对出现在距离门内不同位置目标的探测概率和虚警概率进行了研究与仿真,结果表明,目标处在距离门最前面时,探测概率受噪声水平影响最小,虚警概率受信号强度影响最大;目标靠近距离门中间位置时,探测概率随噪声水平增大下降缓慢,虚警概率随信号强度增大下降缓慢;目标处在距离门末尾时探测概率受噪声水平影响最大,而虚警概率几乎与回波信号强度无关。     

一种综合学习粒子群优化算法

针对复杂多峰函数优化,提出了一种综合学习粒子群优化算法(IELPSO)。该算法把基于超球坐标系的粒子更新和辨识、加速质量差的粒子两个策略引入基于例子学习粒子群优化算法(ELPSO)。本算法利用超球坐标操作改变粒子大小和方向,因而粒子在搜索过程中能覆盖局部极小,同时能发现最差粒子并且加速它们靠拢最优解。提出的算法与其他已有算法进行了比较,对几种典型函数的测试结果表明,IELPSO算法提高了收敛速度和精度,全局搜索能力有了显著提高。     

A method for improving the performance of MVDR beamforming

I.IntroductionInbeamformingforsonaritisthemostinterestingfunctionthatonecanobtainthctimcwaveformoutputsofthedesiredsignaltobedetectcdwithanimprovcdSignal-to-NoiseplusInterferenceRatio(SNIR).ItiswellknownthatMVDRbeamforminghasoptimumcapabi1i-hesofsignalprotection,interferenccremovalandnoisercduction.NootherbeamformingtochniquecanyicldalargerincreascinSNIR.Itspoweroutputcanbeusedasawavenumberspectrum(bearing)estimation,whoseprecisionorreso1utionisdeterminedprimarilybySignal-to-NoiseRatio…     

Chiral Syqmetry Restoration in Lattice Gauge Theory

The pion mass& calculated starting from the strongly coupling effective Hamiltonian for Wilson fermions by using Green function method. The possibility of the chiral symmetry restoration at a critical quark maas is also investigated.     

傅里叶红外光谱法鉴别部分胡椒属生药的研究

利用共有峰率和变异峰率双指标,以胡椒属七种药用植物的红外指纹图谱为依据,计算出所测样品的共有峰率和变异峰率。建立了胡椒属七种药用植物共有峰率和变异峰率双指标序列,结果揭示了胡椒属七种药用植物的亲缘关系。中药海风藤与石南藤、大叶蒟根茎的共有峰率均在77%以上,变异峰率均在30%以下,此三种胡椒属药用植物亲缘关系较近;海风藤与胡椒根茎、十八症根的共有峰率在61%左右,亲缘关系稍远;海风藤与蒌叶根茎的共有峰率仅为44%。亲缘关系较远。利用红外二阶导数谱图,可以鉴别中药海风藤及其伪品石南藤、十八症根、大叶蒟根茎、胡椒根茎等品种。傅里叶红外光谱法可以对样品进行无损处理,不需要对药材进行复杂的提取分离过程即可提供化合物的官能团、类别、氢键等信息。该法能从整体水平分析谱图特征峰,具有分析速度快,重现性好,非破坏性和样品量小,制样简单,专属性强,节约成本,保护环境等优点。可以解决中药海风藤因资源短缺,伪品较多,鉴别困难等问题,也可为临床用药的安全、有效提供保障。傅里叶红外光谱法为胡椒属药用植物亲缘关系的探讨和真伪鉴别提供了一种新方法。符合中药向综合分析和整体分析发展的趋势。