硫杂吡啶番的合成和X射线结构分析

采用与文献不同的方法,在同一反应中同时得到了2,11-二硫[3．3]（3,5）吡啶番、2,11,20-三硫[3．3．3]（3,5）吡啶番和2,11,20,29-四硫[3．3．3．3]（3,5）吡啶番,通过^1H NMR、MS以及X射线晶体结构分析确定了其结构;丰富了吡啶番类化合物和与其形成配位化合物的结构和物性上的知识,为这些新型化合物的进一步研究提供了新的理论依据。     

Nuclear uncertainties in the s-process simulation

The heavy elements in the Universe are formed during the s- and r-processes mainly in AGB stars and supernovae, respectively. Simulation of s- and r-nucleosynthesis critically depends on the neutron capture and weak decay rates for all the nuclei on the reaction chain. The present work analyzes systematically the neutron capture rates (cross sections) for the s-process nuclei, including ～3000 rates on ～200 nuclei. The network calculations for the constant temperature s-process have been performed using the different data sets selected as the nuclear inputs to investigate the uncertainties in the predicted s-abundances. We show that the available cross sections of neutron capture on many s-process nuclei still carry large uncertainties, which lead to low accuracy in the determination of s-process isotope abundances. We analyze the neutron capture cross section data for the same unique isobar nucleus accorded by year from previous work. Such an analysis indicates that the s-process has been studied for more than fifty years and there exist two research stages around 1976 and 2002, respectively. The needs and opportunities for future experiments and theoretical tools are highlighted to remove the existing shortcomings in the neutron capture rates.     

强碱胁迫枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢致死的拉曼光谱研究

应用单细胞拉曼分析技术结合PCA方法,以枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢为对象,以强碱为诱导剂实时记录芽孢生理变化过程,探究芽孢在强碱胁迫下的致死机制。实验表明,枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢和其萌发后芽孢在一定范围均有一定的耐受强碱能力,但萌发后芽孢的耐受力明显下降,主要原因是释放了维持其抗性及稳定性的特有Ca2+-DPA的保护;芽胞受强碱胁迫也会有少量Ca2+-DPA释放过程的行为特征,但通过分析所记录的光谱数据结果表明,其释放行为不同于由L-丙氨酸引起的芽孢的正常Ca2+-DPA释放过程。通过PCA比较分析强碱胁迫芽孢和萌发后芽孢Ca2+-DPA释放过程,主要是强碱破坏芽孢膜结构,膜损伤后强碱比较容易进到芽孢内部从而破坏蛋白质的主链结构链及核酸;芽孢膜通道也可能受到强碱的伤害,造成微量Ca2+-DPA的释放。     

无源红外方位标研究

提出在现有条件下利用激光实现无源红外方位标的思路，并通过详细计算与分析，论述了无源红外方位标的可行性。     

紫花地丁中汞的原子荧光法测定

利用还原气化的非色散型装置，以湿法消解的方式，建立了原子荧光测定紫花地丁中痕量汞的测定方法，同时比较了不同玻璃仪器的洗涤方法和不同的定量方法，试验回收率在86．9％－110．8％之间，误差＜8．5％，通过对实际样品的测定，得到了满意的结果。     

PSⅡ中蛋白二级结构中β聚合效应的红外光谱研究

利用Fourier变换红外光谱（FTIR）方法研究了光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）膜颗粒中蛋白二级结构在高温条件下的β聚合效应。具有生物活性和高温蛋白的β聚合样品的红外光谱测量温度均是室温，它们的酰胺Ⅰ吸收带被用来对两种样品的特性进行定量的分析。光谱的分析方法采用了直接Lorentz线型拟合，光谱结果表明光系统Ⅱ二级结构在400℃下发生热变性后，其红外光谱将发生很强的不可逆的变化。但其红外光谱与活性PSⅡ蛋白一样仍可用3个Lorentz线型拟合，显示了FTIR红外光谱方法在研究蛋白热变性方面的优越性。     

An Efficient Scheme for Multiparty Multi-particle State Sharing

We present an efficient scheme for sharing an arbitrary m-qubit state with n agents. In our scheme, the sender Alice first shares m Bell states with the agent Bob, who is designated to recover the original m-qubit state. Furthermore, Alice introduces n- 1 auxiliary particles in the initial state ｜0）, applies Hadamard （H） gate and Controlled-Not （CNOT） gate operations on the particles, which make them entangled with one of m particle pairs in Bell states, and then sends them to the controllers （i.e., other n - 1 agents）, where each controller only holds one particle in hand. After Alice performing m Bell-basis measurements and each controller a single-particle measurement, the recover Bob can obtain the original unknown quantum state by applying the corresponding local unitary operations on his particles. Its intrinsic efficiency for qubits approaches 100%, and the total efficiency really approaches the maximal value.     

过渡金属硫化物纳米晶的溶剂热合成与表征

以硝酸钴(Co(NO3)2·6H2O)、硝酸铁(Fe(NO3)3·6H2O)和硫脲为原料,在同一混合溶剂(乙二醇和水)中通过控制两种溶剂的比例(1∶2; 4∶1),利用溶剂热法在180 ℃分别恒温制备了硫化钴(CoS1.097)和硫化铁(Fe3S4)两种纳米晶.用X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)对样品组成、粒径和表面形貌进行了表征,荧光光谱对其荧光性质进行了测量.结果表明,所得样品分别为六方相的CoS1.097和立方相的Fe3S4纳米粉末.在此基础上,对影响两种纳米晶形成的主要因素进行了初步的分析和讨论.     

High pressure X-ray diffraction study of CaMnO3 perovskite

Using a diamond anvil cell device and synchrotron radiation,the in-situ high-pressure structure of CaMnO3 has been investigated.In the pressure up to 36.5 GPa,no pressure-induced phase transition is observed.The pressure dependence on the lattice parameters of CaMnO3 is reported,and the relationship of the axial compression coefficients is βa >βc > βb.The isothermal bulk modulus K298=224(25)GPa is also obtained by fitting the pressure-volume data using the Murnaghan equation of state.     

基于迁移学习的原子力显微镜成像恢复方法

受限于探针针尖结构尺寸,用原子力显微镜进行微纳测量时会产生图像边缘失真.提出了一种基于迁移学习的原子力显微镜成像恢复方法,通过迁移学习训练源模型和靶模型实现一维栅格成像恢复.该方法采用数学形态法中的腐蚀算法生成栅格点云数据,通过U-Net网络源模型从点云中提取针尖卷积效应的特征向量,将权重参数迁移至U-Net网络靶模型,靶模型在自适应正则化方法下进行监督学习.实验结果表明,该方法能有效恢复一维栅格的原子力显微镜测量图像,提高横向分辨力,可用于纳米栅格的线宽检测上.