Dark pulse generation in a dispersion-managed fiber laser

We report an experimental observation of dark pulse generation in a dispersion-managed erbium-doped fiber laser with net anomalous cavity group-velocity dispersion. It is found that apart from the bright soliton pulses, dark pulses with spectral sidebands could be obtained in the laser under appropriate operating conditions. The generation of dark pulses may be attributed to soliton shaping in the cavity.     

Dereplication of known pregnane glycosides and structural characterization of novel pregnanes in Marsdenia tenacissima by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry

In the search for novel natural products in plants, particularly those with potential bioactivity, it is important to efficiently distinguish novel compounds from previously isolated, known compounds, a process known as dereplication. In this study, electrospray ionization-multiple stage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) was used to study the behaviour of 12 pregnane glycosides and genins previously isolated from Marsdenia tenacissima, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, as a basis for dereplication of compounds in a plant extract. In addition to [M + Na](+) and [M + NH(4)](+) ions, a characteristic [M-glycosyl + H](+) ion was observed in full-scan mode with in-source fragmentation. Sequential in-trap collision-induced dissociation of [M + Na](+) ions from 11,12-diesters revealed consistent preferred losses of substituents first from C-12, then from C-11, followed by losses of monosaccharide fragments from the C-3 tri- and tetrasaccharide substituents. A crude methanol extract of M. tenacissima stems was analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ESI-MS. Several previously isolated pregnane glycosides were dereplicated, and the presence of an additional nine novel pregnane glycosides is predicted on the basis of the primary and fragment ions observed, including two with a previously unreported C(4)H(7)O C-11/C-12 substituent of pregnane glycosides. This study is the first report of prediction of the structures of novel pregnane glycosides in a crude plant extract by a combination of in-source fragmentation and in-trap collision-induced dissociation and supports the usefulness of LC-ESI-MS(n) not only for dereplication of active compounds in extracts of medicinal plants but also for detecting the presence of novel related compounds.     

Developing a wireless sensing method for the measurement of gamma radiation dose based on the polymerization of acrylamide

A wireless sensing method for the measurement of gamma radiation dose has been developed based on the fact that gamma rays can initiate the polymerization of acrylamide, which causes an increase in solution viscosity that can be detected with a wireless magnetoelastic sensor. The magnetoelastic sensor is able to wirelessly detect the resonance frequency shifts of a magnetoelastic foil in response to changes in solution viscosity. There is a linear relationship between the resonance frequency shift and gamma radiation dose in the range of 0–50 Gy (under optimal conditions) with a detection limit of 0.25 Gy. This method has the advantage of providing real-time, continuous measurement in situ. The method has been used successfully to determine the gamma radiation dose in real exposure scenarios, with satisfactory results.     

Level crossing in a two-photon Jaynes—Cummings model

In this paper,the energy spectrum of the two-photon Jaynes-Cummings model(TPJCM) is calculated exactly in the non-rotating wave approximation(non-RWA),and we study the level-crossing problem by means of fidelity.A narrow peak of the fidelity is observed at the level-crossing point,which does not appear at the avoided-crossing point.Therefore fidelity is perfectly suited for detecting the level-crossing point in the energy spectrum.     

Switchable different operation states in an erbium-doped fiber laser cavity with normal dispersion

We demonstrate different operation states which can be switched by the polarization control in an erbium-doped fiber laser cavity with normal dispersion, including passive single-pulse and multiple-pulse mode-locking, coherent pulse pattern, and passive Q-switching. The mode-locked single pulse has a smooth and broad rectangular-shaped spectrum. With increasing pump power, multiple pulses appear and finally six pulses are observed, where the pulses have no interaction with each other. Keeping the pump power at 407 mW and adjusting the polarization state, we observe the coherent pulse pattern with the pulse numbers from 2 to 5. It is the first time five coherent pulses in the 1.55 μm normal dispersion cavity have been observed, to our knowledge. The mode-locked spectra are highly modulated and the largest pulse separation of 31.9 ps is observed for the two-pulse case. When the pump power exceeds 180 mW, the mode-locked operation can be switched to the passively Q-switched operation by controlling the polarization state. The repetition rate and pulse width can be changed by pump power variation, and the spectrum is tunable in the range of 8.45 nm.     

Resolution and sensitivity enhancements in strong grating based fiber Fabry–Perot interferometric sensor system utilizing multiple reflection beams

We investigate an asymmetric intensive fiber Bragg grating (FBG) defined Fabry–Perot (F–P) sensor system decoded by a multiple-path-matched Michelson interferometer. The interrogation of higher order reflection beams cannot only solve the problem of the degraded resolution induced by the spectral mismatch of the FBGs, but also amplify the effect of the fiber strain on the phase of the light. We demonstrate multiple reflection beams in the F–P cavity based on the concept of the FBG effective length for constructing respective interrogation interferometers, and present a cost function with optimized system parameters to improve noise properties. The performances of interrogating the second, third and fourth order reflection beams are compared in a strain sensing experiment arrangement. Under the condition of the same optical path length mismatch, the interrogation of the fourth order reflection beam can achieve 9.8 dB sensitivity enhancement and 3 dB resolution promotion compared with the result using the second order reflection beam.     

偏振滤波白天抑制天光背景作用分析

由于天文观测领域大部分自适应光学系统只能在夜晚工作,提出了采用偏振滤波技术抑制天光背景的办法以达到白天探测微弱星体目标的目的。介绍了偏振滤波的原理并估算了抑制天光背景的效果,通过观测角度关系得到了偏振方位角的计算公式,并在丽江观测站1.8m望远镜自适应光学系统平台上进行实验,给出了消像旋模型。实验结果表明,偏振滤波技术能有效抑制天光背景,提高星体目标探测能力,一定程度上提高了自适应光学系统在白天探测弱小星体目标的可能性。     

低光泽度印刷色谱色貌数据组的建立与评价

色貌预测是现代颜色科学领域的基本理论和技术。为了评价低光泽度彩色印刷色谱的色貌,以丽印胶版纸印制的彩色印刷色谱为研究对象,根据颜色科学和心理物理学相关实验,建立其色貌参数样本数据组。采用相对系数R2和差异系数CV等数理统计方法,评价这种印刷色谱中Y-M内页在三种不同的照明光源下色貌的视觉评估结果。实验数据分析表明,在D65、A和TL84三种光源中,人眼在A光源下对颜色的识别能力明显不同于D65和TL84光源;同样在这三种光源中人眼对明度和色调的评估准确度最高,彩度最差。     

基于声光折射的聚焦超声焦点声压检测

提出了一种基于声光折射对聚焦超声焦点声压进行非侵入式检测的方法。当一束直径小于声波长的平行光束入射穿过聚焦超声的焦点时,通过研究焦点声压与光线偏转的具体关系,建立了光线最大偏转距离与焦点声压变化的关系模型,从而计算出焦点峰值声压。为了对理论模型进行验证,采用凹球面型聚焦换能器进行实验研究。通过与采用光纤水听器测量的结果进行对比,证明理论模型的可行性。结果表明实验得到的光斑图像与理论分析的结果一致,且用该方法测得的焦点峰值声压与光纤水听器测量的结果相比,相对误差小于15%,证明该方法具有可行性,能够定量检测焦点峰值声压。模型的提出也为将声光折射效应用于整个聚焦声场的定量检测提供了实验依据和理论依据。