首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   6257篇
  免费   1326篇
  国内免费   1100篇
化学   4944篇
晶体学   173篇
力学   390篇
综合类   67篇
数学   715篇
物理学   2394篇
  2024年   24篇
  2023年   206篇
  2022年   304篇
  2021年   307篇
  2020年   381篇
  2019年   363篇
  2018年   291篇
  2017年   255篇
  2016年   330篇
  2015年   373篇
  2014年   385篇
  2013年   490篇
  2012年   592篇
  2011年   563篇
  2010年   369篇
  2009年   371篇
  2008年   430篇
  2007年   388篇
  2006年   330篇
  2005年   300篇
  2004年   195篇
  2003年   189篇
  2002年   188篇
  2001年   163篇
  2000年   143篇
  1999年   119篇
  1998年   84篇
  1997年   75篇
  1996年   92篇
  1995年   66篇
  1994年   55篇
  1993年   49篇
  1992年   39篇
  1991年   25篇
  1990年   30篇
  1989年   19篇
  1988年   15篇
  1987年   12篇
  1986年   12篇
  1985年   11篇
  1984年   10篇
  1983年   14篇
  1982年   5篇
  1981年   2篇
  1979年   4篇
  1978年   2篇
  1973年   3篇
  1968年   1篇
  1957年   2篇
  1936年   1篇
排序方式: 共有8683条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
The life of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is currently limited by the mechanical endurance of polymer electrolyte membranes and membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs). In this paper, the authors report recent experimental and modeling work toward understanding the mechanisms of delayed mechanical failures of polymer electrolyte membranes and MEAs under relevant PEMFC operating conditions. Mechanical breach of membranes/MEAs in the form of pinholes and tears has been frequently observed after long‐term or accelerated testing of PEMFC cells/stacks. Catastrophic failure of cell/stack due to rapid gas crossover shortly follows the mechanical breach. Ex situ mechanical characterizations were performed on MEAs after being subjected to the accelerated chemical aging and relative humidity (RH) cycling tests. The results showed significant reduction of MEA ductility manifested as drastically reduced strain‐to‐failure of the chemically aged and RH‐cycled MEAs. Postmortem analysis revealed the formation and growth of mechanical defects such as cracks and crazing in the membranes and MEAs. A finite element model was used to estimate stress/strain states of an edge‐constrained MEA under rapid RH variations. Damage metrics for accelerated testing and life prediction of PEMFCs are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2346–2357, 2006  相似文献   
32.
We study here instability problems of standing waves for the nonlinear Klein–Gordon equations and solitary waves for the generalized Boussinesq equations. It is shown that those special wave solutions may be strongly unstable by blowup in finite time, depending on the range of the wave's frequency or the wave's speed of propagation and on the nonlinearity.  相似文献   
33.
A novel power generator has been achieved to convert vibration to electrical energy via the piezoelectric effect. The generator obtained by micro fabrication process mainly consists of silicon based frame and composite cantilever. The prototype tested at resonant vibration generates 1.15μW of effective power to a 20.4-kΩ resistance load. The potential of this work is to offer miniaturization solutions for power generators, and with the proposed method the ambient ubiquitous vibration can be harvested effectively as endless energy source to form an integrated self-powering system.  相似文献   
34.
Model and empirical study on some collaboration networks   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
In this paper we present an empirical study of a few practical systems described by cooperation networks, and propose a model to understand the results obtained. We study four non-social systems, which are the Bus Route Networks of Beijing and Yangzhou, the Travel Route Network of China, Huai-Yang recipes of Chinese cooked food, and a social system, which is the Collaboration Network of Hollywood Actors. In order to explain the results related to the degree distribution, act-degree distribution and act-size distribution (especially about the degree distribution, which may be better fitted using a stretched exponential distribution (SED)), we suggest a simple model to show a possible evolutionary mechanism for the emergence of such networks. The analytic and numerical results obtained from the model are in good agreement with the empirical results.  相似文献   
35.
乐开端  王创社 《光子学报》1996,25(10):906-908
电子散斑干涉计量在变形量检测1、无损探伤、振动分析(2,3)等领域具有广泛的应用前景,目前它之所以未能实用化,最重要的原因就是该系统对环境的要求过高,特别是物体的振动和空气的扰动对测量结果影响很大,甚至会导致测量失败,因而国内外学者在不断寻找解决此问题的锁相技术。本文提出了一种简易的切实可行的锁相方法-光学锁相法,消除了物体的振动和空气扰动对电子散斑测量的影响。  相似文献   
36.
Wang HY  Sun Y  Tang B 《Talanta》2002,58(5):899-907
In this study, a rapid and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) determination of primary As species in fish tissues and urine is reported. The separation was achieved on an Altima C18 column with a mobile phase containing citric acid and hexanesulfonic acid (pH 4.5). As(V), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), As(III), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and arsenobetaine (AsB) were separated in less than 4 min with retention times of 83, 99, 130, 166 and 208 s, respectively. This separation of five species in less than 4 min should be attractive to those interested in As speciation. The quantification limits were 44, 56, 94, 64, 66 ng l(-1) and the relative standard deviations (R.S.D.) for day-to-day injections of As at 2 mug l(-1) were 2.0, 3.1, 2.4, 3.8 and 4.0%. The procedure was tested using two reference materials (DORM-2 dogfish muscle tissue, NIST SRM 2670 Freeze-dried Urine, normal level) and then applied to real-world samples. The results obtained demonstrate the suitability of the procedure for screening and quantification at physiological levels of primary As species in biological samples.  相似文献   
37.
urokinase(简称UK)属于絲氨酸蛋白酶,其一级结构已经测定。去掉前135个残基后得到的低分子量UK(LUK)氨基酸残基的顺序与糜胰蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶等絲氨酸蛋白酶十分类似。从二硫桥的配置来看LUK与糜胰蛋白酶比较接近,而UK对Lys侧链处肽键的专一性则和胰蛋白酶相近。在这一类酶中,起到活性中心作用的氨基酸为Ser195,His57及Asp102.在UK中此三个氨基酸都保留了下来。蛋白水解酶中起专一性作用的残基主要是  相似文献   
38.
胡月华  胡益民 《合成化学》2003,11(3):243-245
他唑巴坦(Tazobactam)是一种新颖的β-内酰胺酶抑制剂,以6-氨基青霉烷酸为原料,以新的酯化、氧化反应制得关键中间体M4,M4与2-羟基苯并噻唑缩合后,经氯代、成环、氧化、水解等反应得他唑巴坦,总产率达17.8%。该路线在酯化反应中产率达100%。用H2O2直接氧化,避免使用易爆氧化剂,使反应条件温和,易于进行工业化生产。  相似文献   
39.
钠硼硅酸盐玻璃分相及浸析的NMR研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
用多种NMR方法,包括^29Si、^23Na,^11B MaS及^29Si CP/MAS NMR,研究了一定组成的a2O-B2O3-SiO2三元体系玻璃在不同温度下分相处理24小时及用酸浸析处理后的结构变化。结果表明,在低于分相上界临界温度的范围内,存在着一个温度转折点,低于这一温度时,受动力学因素影响,分相未达平衡态,温度愈低,距平衡态愈过,分相愈下完全。超过这一温度,分相可达平衡态,受热力学控  相似文献   
40.
采用水热晶化反应,制备出传统需要高温固相反应合成的掺杂NASICON化合物Na(1-x)Zr(2-x)NbxP3O12(0<x<1),并应用XRD、IR方法对产物的晶体结构进行了研究,表明水热晶化产物是纯的物相并具有与NaZr2P3O12相同的结构.固体31PNMR研究证实Nb(5+)部分取代了Zr(4+)所在位置,参与骨架的组成,并统计分布于结构中.水热晶化产物与固相反应产物具有相同的离子电导性能.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号