Thermophilic fermentation of hydrolysates

Lignocellulosic biomass has great potential as a cheap feedstock in biological processes to produce biofuels or chemicals; however, dilute acid pretreatment at high temperatures produces undesirable compounds. Toxicity tests were done with inhibitors in standard media, to predict the growth-limiting effects on thermophilic strains. The 22 inhibitors included furfural, levulinic acid, acetic acid, and cinnamaldehyde. Neutralizing reagents and additional treatment steps have been tested.     

Micro-PIXE study of gold archaeological objects

Several fragments of ancient gold objects coming from an Eneolithic hoard and from Pietroasa Cloca cu Puii de Aur (The Golden Brood Hen with Its Chickens) hoard, unearthed on Romanian territory, and two Romanian native gold nuggets samples were analyzed using micro-PIXE technique. The purpose of the study was to clarify the metal provenance. Trace and minor elements (Cu, Te, Sn, Pb, Ti, Cr, V, Mn, Ta) and platinum group elements (PGE) concentrations were estimated. The presence of inclusions (micrometer size areas of composition different from the surroundings) was investigated. We found Si and Ca inclusions on two Eneolithic samples, and Ta inclusions on two samples from Pietroasa hoard. The measurements suggested an alluvial origin of gold for the Eneolithic samples and give indications for the possible gold ore sources of Pietroasa hoard.     

Beitrag zur extraktiv-photometrischen Bestimmung geringer Vanadiumgehalte in Eisenerzen mit N-Benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamin

Zusammenfassung Eine für die Bestimmung von 0,05–0,25% Vanadium in Eisenerzen geeignete Methode wird beschrieben. Vanadium wird in der Siedehitze in etwa 1,8 N schwefelsaurer Lösung mit 0,1 N Kaliumpermanganat vollständig zur fünfwertigen Stufe oxydiert. Anschließend wird zur selektiven Extraktion von Vanadium(V) mit einer 0,1%igen Lösung von N-Benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamin in Chloroform ausgeschüttelt. Die Extinktion des violett gefärbten Extraktes wird bei 530 nm spektralphotometrisch gemessen.

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Contribution to the extractive-photometric determination of small amounts of Vanadium in iron ores employing N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine

A method suitable for the determination of 0.05–0.25% of vanadium in iron ores is described. Vanadium is quantitatively oxidised to the pentavalent state in a boiling solution approximately 1.8 N in sulphuric acid by 0.1 N potassium permanganate. Vanadium(V) is then selectively extracted from the sample solution by a 0.1% solution of N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine in chloroform. The extinction of the violet coloured extract is measured spectrophotometrically at 530 nm.

     

Extraktiv-photometrische Bestimmung von Titan in Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen mit 4,4′-Diantipyrylmethan

(DAPM). The use of DAPM as a spectrophotometric reagent for the determination of titanium in aluminium and aluminium alloys was investigated. To the solution, 0.5 N in hydrochloric acid, a 2% solution of DAPM in 0.5 N hydrochloric acid is added to form the yellow complex of titanium(IV) with DAPM. The addition of 20% solution of tin(II)chloride in 0.5 N hydrochloric acid yields a yellow precipitate, which is extracted by chloroform. The absorbance of the extract is measured at 390 nm. 0.01–0.1% of titanium have been determined in pure aluminium and Al-Mg-Zn alloys by the method suggested (standard deviation ±0.0004 to 0.0008%).     

On the Gorenstein property of Rees Algebras

Let (A,M) be a noetherian local ring. For certain equimultiple ideals I in A we try to relate the Gorenstein property of the Rees algebraⁿ and of A itself. In particular we n0 treat the case of equimultiple prime ideals of height two and the case I=M. The results underscore a natural conjecture, s. Thm. 2.6. and 3.2.     

A structure theorem for weak buildings of spherical type

Following earlier work of Tits [8], this paper deals with the structure of buildings which are not necessarily thick; that is, possessing panels (faces of codimension 1) which are contained in two chambers, only. To every building , there is canonically associated a thick building whose Weyl group W( ) can be considered as a reflection subgroup of the Weyl group W() of . One can reconstruct from together with the embedding W( ) W(). Conversely, if is any thick building and W any reflection group containing W( ) as a reflection subgroup, there exists a weak building with Weyl group W and associated thick building .