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51.
Interdiction operations involving search, identification, and interception of suspected objects are of great interest and high operational importance to military and naval forces as well as nation’s coast guards and border patrols. The interdiction scenario discussed in this paper includes an area of interest with multiple neutral and hostile objects moving through this area, and an interdiction force, consisting of an airborne sensor and an intercepting surface vessel or ground vehicle, whose objectives are to search, identify, track, and intercept hostile objects within a given time frame. The main contributions of this paper are addressing both airborne sensor and surface vessel simultaneously, developing a stochastic dynamic-programming model for optimizing their employment, and deriving operational insight. In addition, the search and identification process of the airborne sensor addresses both physical (appearance) and behavioral (movement pattern) signatures of a potentially hostile object. As the model is computationally intractable for real-world scenarios, we propose a simple heuristic policy, which is shown, using a bounding technique, to be quite effective. Based on a numerical case study of maritime interdiction operations, which includes several representative scenarios, we show that the expected number of intercepted hostile objects, following the heuristic decision policy, is at least 60% of the number of hostile objects intercepted following an optimal decision policy. 相似文献
52.
Artuso M He D Goldberg M Horwitz N Kennett R Moneti GC Muheim F Mukhin Y Playfer S Rozen Y Stone S Thulasidas M Vasseur G Zhu G Bartelt J Csorna SE Egyed Z Jain V Sheldon P Akerib DS Barish B Chadha M Chan S Cowen DF Eigen G Miller JS O'Grady C Urheim J Weinstein AJ Acosta D Athanas M Masek G Paar H Sivertz M Bean A Gronberg J Kutschke R Menary S Morrison RJ Nakanishi S Nelson HN Nelson TK Richman JD Ryd A Tajima H Schmidt D Sperka D Witherell MS Procario M Yang S Balest R Cho K Daoudi M 《Physical review D: Particles and fields》1994,50(9):5484-5490
53.
Brown DN Fast J McIlwain RL Miao T Miller DH Modesitt M Payne D Shibata EI Shipsey IP Wang PN Battle M Ernst J Kwon Y Roberts S Thorndike EH Wang CH Dominick J Lambrecht M Sanghera S Shelkov V Skwarnicki T Stroynowski R Volobouev I Wei G Zadorozhny P Artuso M Goldberg M He D Horwitz N Kennett R Mountain R Moneti GC Muheim F Mukhin Y Playfer S Rozen Y Stone S Thulasidas M Vasseur G Zhu G Bartelt J Csorna SE Egyed Z Jain V Kinoshita K Edwards KW Ogg M Britton DI Hyatt ER MacFarlane DB Patel PM 《Physical review D: Particles and fields》1994,50(3):1884-1891
54.
Butler F Fu X Nemati B Ross WR Skubic P Wood M Bishai M Fast J Gerndt E Hinson JW McIlwain RL Miao T Miller DH Modesitt M Payne D Shibata EI Shipsey IP Wang PN Gibbons L Kwon Y Roberts S Thorndike EH Coan TE Dominick J Fadeyev V Korolkov I Lambrecht M Sanghera S Shelkov V Skwarnicki T Stroynowski R Volobouev I Wei G Artuso M Gao M Goldberg M He D Horwitz N Moneti GC Mountain R Muheim F Mukhin Y Playfer S Rozen Y Stone S Xing X Zhu G Bartelt J Csorna SE Egyed Z Jain V Gibaut D Kinoshita K 《Physical review D: Particles and fields》1995,52(5):2656-2660
55.
[reaction: see text]. Various alkyl and aryl azides, readily obtained from halides or alcohols, were transformed into the corresponding nitriles using bromine trifluoride in moderate to good yields. The reaction is general and gives positive results with aliphatic, aromatic, cyclic, and functionalized azides. It can also be applied to the synthesis of optically active nitriles. 相似文献
56.
UVA radiation penetrates deeply into the skin reaching both the epidermis and the dermis. We thus investigated the effects of naturally occurring doses of UVA radiation on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activities in human dermal fibroblasts. We demonstrated that UVA selectively activates p38 MAPK with no effect on extracellular-regulated kinases (ERK1-ERK2) or JNK-SAPK (cJun NH2-terminal kinase-stress-activated protein kinase) activities. We then investigated the signaling pathway used by UVA to activate p38 MAPK. L-Histidine and sodium azide had an inhibitory effect on UVA activation of p38 MAPK, pointing to a role of singlet oxygen in transduction of the UVA effect. Afterward, using prolonged cell treatments with growth factors to desensitize their signaling pathways or suramin to block growth factor receptors, we demonstrated that UVA signaling pathways shared elements with growth factor signaling pathways. In addition, using emetine (a translation inhibitor altering ribosome functioning) we detected the involvement of ribotoxic stress in p38 MAPK activation by UVA. Our observations suggest that p38 activation by UVA in dermal fibroblasts involves singlet oxygen-dependent activation of ligand-receptor signaling pathways or ribotoxic stress mechanism (or both). Despite the activation of these two distinct signaling mechanisms, the selective activation of p38 MAPK suggests a critical role of this kinase in the effects of UVA radiation. 相似文献
57.
Avery P Besson D Garren L Yelton J Kinoshita K Pipkin FM Procario M Wilson R Wolinski J Xiao D Zhu Y Ammar R Baringer P Coppage D Davis R Haas P Kelly M Kwak N Lam H Ro S Kubota Y Nelson JK Perticone D Poling R Fulton R Jensen T Johnson DR Kagan H Kass R Morrow F Whitmore J Wilson P Bortoletto D Chen W Dominick J McIlwain RL Miller DH Ng CR Schaffner SF Shibata EI Shipsey IP Yao W Battle M Sparks K Thorndike EH Wang C Alam MS Kim IJ Li WC Romero V Sun CR Wang P Zoeller MM Goldberg M Haupt T 《Physical review letters》1990,65(23):2842-2845
58.
Artuso M Goldberg M Horwitz N Kennett R Moneti GC Muheim F Playfer S Rozen Y Rubin P Stone S Thulasidas M Yao W Zhu G Barnes AV Bartelt J Csorna SE Egyed Z Jain V Sheldon P Akerib DS Barish B Chadha M Cowen DF Eigen G Miller JS Urheim J Weinstein AJ Acosta D Masek G Ong B Paar H Sivertz M Bean A Gronberg J Kutschke R Menary S Morrison RJ Nelson H Richman J Tajima H Schmidt D Sperka D Witherell M Procario M Yang S Daoudi M Ford WT Johnson DR Lingel K Lohner M Rankin P Smith JG Alexander JP 《Physical review letters》1992,69(23):3278-3281
59.
Bortoletto D Brown DN Dominick J McIlwain RL Miao T Miller DH Modesitt M Schaffner SF Shibata EI Shipsey IP Battle M Ernst J Kroha H Roberts S Sparks K Thorndike EH Wang C Sanghera S Skwarnicki T Stroynowski R Artuso M Goldberg M Horwitz N Kennett R Moneti GC Muheim F Playfer S Rozen Y Rubin P Stone S Thulasidas M Yao W Zhu G Barnes AV Bartelt J Csorna SE Egyed Z Jain V Sheldon P Akerib DS Barish B Chadha M Cowen DF Eigen G Miller JS Urheim J Weinstein AJ Acosta D Masek G Ong B Paar H Sivertz M 《Physical review letters》1992,69(14):2046-2049
60.
Bortoletto D Brown DN Dominick J McIlwain RL Miller DH Modesitt M Shibata EI Schaffner S Shipsey IP Battle M Kroha H Sparks K Thorndike EH Wang C Goldberg M Haupt T Horwitz N Jain V Moneti GC Rozen Y Rubin P Skwarnicki T Sharma V Stone S Thusalidas M Yao W Zhu G Barnes AV Bartelt J Csorna SE Letson T Mestayer MD Alexander J Artuso M Bebek C Berkelman K Besson D Browder TE Cassel DG Cheu E Coffman DM Drell PS Ehrlich R Galik RS Garcia-Sciveres M Geiser B Gittelman B Gray SW Halling AM Hartill DL 《Physical review D: Particles and fields》1992,45(1):21-35