Zur Spektralanalyse von Siliciumcarbid

Zusammenfassung Aus der Diskussion der Grundlagen einer spektrographischen Siliciumearbidanalyse und deren Ergebnissen folgt die Überlegenheit gegenüber der chemischen Analyse bei der relativen Gehaltsbestimmung verunreinigender Fremdelemente (Al, Fe, Ti und Mg), die bei einfacher Methode mit einem mittleren Fehler von 7 bis 15% durchgeführt werden kann. Die absolute Gehaltsangabe ist größenordnungsmäßig möglich.Die Analysenergebnisse an zahlreichen SiC-Proben zeigen eine deutliche Abhängigkeit der Eigenschaften vom Al-Gehalt, die durch extrem hohe bzw. niedrige Werte von Fe und Ti beeinflußt werden kann.

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Summary The discussion of the fundamentals of a spectrographic analysis of silicon carbide and their results shows its superiority as compared with chemical analysis in the relative determination of the content of contaminating foreign elements (Al, Fe, Ti, Mg). This analysis can be conducted by a simple method with a mean error of 7 to 15%. It is possible to state the absolute content in order of size.The analytical results in many samples of SiC show a distinct dependence of the properties on the Al-content, which may be influenced by extremely high or low values of iron and titanium.

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Résumé De la discussion des principes de base d'une méthode d'analyse spectrographique de carbure de silicium résultel a supériorité de cette méthode par rapport à l'analyse chimique pour le dosage relatif des éléments étrangers (Al, Fe, Ti, Mg); ils sont dosés par une méthode simple avec une précision moyenne de 7 à 15%. On peut aussi déterminer la valeur absolue de leur concentration, au moins en ordre de grandeur.Les résultats d'analyse de nombreux échantillons de SiC révèlent une influence nette, sur leurs propriétés, de la concentration en Al qui peut être modifiée par de très fortes (ou de très faibles) teneurs en fer ou titane.

     

Über Addukte und Salze von Schwefelchloriden mit AlCl3

Adducts and Salts Formed by Sulphurchlorides with AlCl₃ The instability of the adduct 2 S₂Cl₂ · AlCl₃ is proven. S₂Cl₂ · AlCl₃ and S₂Cl₂ · 2 AlCl₃ reported in the literature could not be found under proper conditions, their formation seems improbable. The product 2 SCl₄ · 3 AlCl₃, obtained by the reaction of [SCl₃]⁺[AlCl₄]^? with elementary sulphur, is characterized as a double salt [SCl₃]₂+[AlCl₄]^? [Al₂Cl₇]^?. The [Al₂Cl₇]^? anion is also found as an intermediate during the thermal decomposition of [SCl₃]⁺[AlCl₄]^? and when metallic aluminium reacts directly with S₂Cl₂. For SCl₂ · AlCl₃, the ionic character with a chlorsulfenium cation [SCl]⁺ is proven spectroscopically.     

Redox dependent conformational changes in the mixed valence form of the cytochrome c oxidase from p. The reorganization of glutamic acid 278 is coupled to the electron transfer from/to heme a and the binuclear center. denitrificans

In this work we present the separation of FTIR difference signals induced by electron transfer to/from the redox centers of the cytochrome c oxidase from P. denitrificans and compare electrochemically induced FTIR difference spectra with those induced by CO photolysis. FTIR difference spectra of rebinding of CO to the half reduced (mixed valence) form of the cytochrome c oxidase after photolysis reflect the conformational changes induced by the rebinding of CO and by electron transfer reactions from heme a3 to heme a and further on to CUA. During this process, heme a3 (and CUB) are oxidized, whereas heme a and CuA are reduced. By subtracting these difference spectra from an electrochemically induced FTIR difference spectrum, where all four cofactors are reduced, the contributions for heme a3 (and CuB) could be separated. Correspondingly, the spectral contributions of heme a and CuA have been separated. The comparison of these spectra with the spectra calculated for the hemes on the basis of their redox dependent changes previously published in Hellwig et al., (Biochemistry 38, (1999) 1685-1694) show a high degree of similarity, except for additional signals coupled to the reorganization of the binuclear center upon CO rebinding. The separated spectra clearly show that the signals attributed to Glu278, an amino acid discussed to be crucial for proton pumping, is coupled to electron transfer to/from heme a and the binuclear heme a3-CuB center.     

Measurement of the πmeson polarizabilities via the γp → γπ+n reaction

An experiment on the radiative ^{+}-meson photoproduction from the proton ( p ^{+}n) was carried out at the Mainz Microtron MAMI in the kinematic region 537MeV < E < 817MeV, 140^° 180^°. The ^{+}-meson polarizabilities have been determined from a comparison of the data with the predictions of two different theoretical models, the first one being based on an effective pole model with pseudoscalar coupling while the second one is based on diagrams describing both resonant and nonresonant contributions. The validity of the models has been verified by comparing the predictions with the present experimental data in the kinematic region where the pion polarizability contribution is negligible ( s₁ < 5m²) and where the difference between the predictions of the two models does not exceed 3%. In the region, where the pion polarizability contribution is substantial ( 5 < s₁/m² < 15, -12 < t/m² < - 2), the difference of the electric () and the magnetic () polarizabilities has been determined. As a result we find . This result is at variance with recent calculations in the framework of chiral perturbation theory.