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11.
A phenanthridinium salt was prepared in four steps, including an intramolecular CH-arylation and a hydride abstraction reaction. Treatment with sterically demanding bases does not lead to the corresponding carbene, but rather to addition products: the planar-constrained geometry significantly enhances the electrophilicity over the acidity of C-aryl iminium salts. 相似文献
12.
Various approaches and standards for transferring mathematical objects between different computer programs in multimedia environment in the framework of the OpenMath project are described. The use of these standards might revolutionize the exchange of mathematical information caused by the development of computer algebra tools and telecommunication possibilities. The standards make it possible to create databases and easily save and use mathematical objects obtained in different applications, e.g., to exchange the data obtained in different computer algebra systems and place information on the Internet. Bibliography: 9 titles. 相似文献
13.
Frédéric Coquel Thierry Gallouët Jean-Marc Hérard Nicolas Seguin 《Comptes Rendus Mathematique》2002,334(10):927-932
Closure laws for interfacial pressure and interfacial velocity are proposed within the frame work of two-pressure two-phase flow models. These enable us to ensure positivity of void fractions, mass fractions and internal energies when investigating field by field waves in the Riemann problem. To cite this article: F. Coquel et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 334 (2002) 927–932. 相似文献
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15.
Alain-Yves LeRoux Marie-Noëlle LeRoux Jean-André Marti 《Comptes Rendus Mathematique》2004,339(4):313-316
The source waves are some particular solutions to genuinely non linear hyperbolic systems with a source term, whose propagation velocity is a constant determined by the roots of this source term. We propose a system of 2 equations on a 2 dimension space, which model the velocity field of the atmosphere near the ground. The source term is made of three parts: a given pressure gradient, a friction or aspiration effect and the Coriolis force. In the case where these parameters are constant, we build a solution which is a constant outside a circular crown. The internal circle represents the eye's wall of the hurricane and corresponds to a share shock wave. The external circle is a set generating the bifurcation which actually models the hurricane. To cite this article: A.-Y. LeRoux et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 339 (2004). 相似文献
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This paper presents a method to estimate reflected and transmitted wave amplitude spectra in a bounded domain such as a wave tank, when available data signals must be shortened due to interferences and wall effects. This paper extends the well known Goda and Suzuki two-probe method to three probes. The paper also suggests solutions to compute reliable transmission and reflection coefficients in spite of problems linked to higher harmonics and to the interference between different wave trains propagating in the tank. To cite this article: G. Duclos, A.H. Clément, C. R. Mecanique 331 (2003). 相似文献
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A novel approach to H-phosphonates from hypophosphorous acid using a transfer hydrogenation process was developed. This method is atom-economical, environmentally friendly, catalytic, and efficient, leading easily to H-phosphonate monoesters or ammonium salt in moderate to good yields. 相似文献
20.
Qin W Baruah M Van der Auweraer M De Schryver FC Boens N 《The journal of physical chemistry. A》2005,109(33):7371-7384
The photophysical properties of seven new 8-(p-substituted)phenyl analogues of 4,4-difluoro-3,5-dimethyl-8-(aryl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (derivatives of the well-known fluorophore BODIPY) in several solvents have been studied by means of absorption and steady-state and time-resolved fluorimetry. For each compound, the fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime are lower in solvents with higher polarity owing to an increase in the rate of nonradiative deactivation. Increasing the electron withdrawing strength of the p-substituent on the phenyl group in position 8 also leads to lower fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes. When the p-substituent on the phenyl group in position 8 is a tertiary amine [8-(4-piperidinophenyl), 8-(4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl), and 8-(4-morpholinophenyl)], the low quantum yields of these compounds in more polar solvents can be rationalized by the inversion of the energy levels of an apolar, highly fluorescent and a polar, nonfluorescent excited state, where charge transfer from the tertiary amine to the BODIPY unit occurs. These amine analogues can be protonated at low pH in aqueous solution. Fluorescence titrations yielded pK(a) values of their conjugate ammonium salts which are in agreement with the electron donating tendency of the amine group: piperidino (4.15) > dimethylamino (2.37) > morpholino (1.47), with the pK(a) values in parentheses. The rate constant of radiative deactivation (k(f)) is the same for all compounds in all solvents studied (k(f) = 1.4 x 10(8) s(-1)). 相似文献