Selected bibliography on degeneracy

A selected bibliography on degeneracy problems organized according to the appearance of the respective references in various fields of operations research is given.     

Electronic structure and electron dynamics at the GaSb(0 0 1) surface studied by femtosecond pump-and-probe pulsed laser photoemission spectroscopy

Transiently excited electron states at the GaSb(0 0 1) surface have been studied by means of time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy based on a femtosecond laser system. A normally unpopulated surface electron state has been found at ∼250 meV above the valence band maximum with a strong confinement at the center of the surface Brillouin zone. The lifetime of transiently excited carriers at the intergap surface states has been found to be ∼11 ps, associated with rapid carrier diffusion.     

Generation and Detection of Infrared Single Photons and their Applications

Unbreakable secret communication has been a dream from ancient time. It is quantum physics that gives us hope to turn this wizardly dream into reality. The rapid development of quantum cryptography may put an end to the history of eavesdropping. This will be largely due to the advanced techniques related to single quanta, especially infrared single photons. In this paper, we report on our research works on single-photon control for quantum cryptography, ranging from single-photon generation to single-photon detection and their applications.     

Correlation between alkali concentration,surface potential,and exoelectronic emission of thin films

For several types of thin films (insulators, semiconductors, and metals) a maximum in exoelectron emission and a minimum in work function have been found for the same concentration in alkaline dopants. These results are in accordance with theoretical models predicting a decrease in'intensity with the work function, such as the thermionic model for insulators or the Auger emission for conductors.     

A new diquark model for deep inelastic structure functions

The bulk of data from deep inelasticep, eD, μp, μN, νp and νN scattering is fitted with a new diquark model of nucleons. The proton is found to be mostly in au(ud) ₀ state, where the (ud)₀ diquark has spin and isospin zero. There is hence no trace ofSU(6) symmetry among diquarks in nucleons.     

Estimation of Pigment Stoichiometries in Photosynthetic Systems of Purple Bacteria: Special Reference to the (Absence of) Second Carotenoid in LH2

Abstract— In this short communication we present the stoichiometric ratio of bacteriochlorophyll, bacteriopheophytin and carotenoids in a few photosynthetic purple bacteria complexes (whose two-dimensional or three-dimensional structures are well known) determined using the spectrum-reconstruction method (SRCM). An important conclusion of our pigment stoichiometric analysis is the evidence for the absence of the second carotenoid in the light-harvesting complex 2 (LH2). In the process, we also highlight the useful application of SRCM in determining the molar extinction coefficients of carotenoids present in LH1, LH2 or reaction centers for which these values are not known due to isolation problems and/or stability.