A Test of Multivariate Independence Based on a Single Factor Model

A test of the independence of two sets of variables is developed to have high power against a special family of dependence. In this each set of variables has the structure of a single factor model and the dependence is solely via the correlation γ between the underlying latent variables. This is a model with only one nonzero canonical correlation. It is shown that a test based on the maximum likelihood estimate of γ is appreciably more powerful than that based on r₁, the largest sample canonical correlation. If, however, the model is used, not just as a family of alternatives but as the basis for interpretation, and if substantial cross-correlation is present then the procedure is essentially equivalent to the use of r₁.     

Untersuchung von Fischkonserven und Frischhaltungsmitteln

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Destillationen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Seifen, Waschmittel

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Structural and electronic properties of luminescent copper(I) halide complexes of bis[2-(diphenylphosphano)phenyl] ether (DPEphos). Crystal structure of [CuCl(DPEphos)(dmpymtH

Heteroleptic copper(I) halide complexes containing the bis[2-(diphenylphosphano)phenyl]ether (DPEphos) ligand and the heterocyclic thioamides pyridine-2(1H)-thione (py2SH), pyrimidine-2(1H)-thione (pymtH) or 4,6-dimethylpyrimidine-2(1H)-thione (dmpymtH) have been synthesized and characterized by (1)H-NMR, IR spectroscopy, elemental analyses and melting point determinations. The complexes can be readily obtained by the addition of the thione ligand to a CuX-diphosphane adduct in dichloromethane-ethanol solution. The molecular structure of [CuCl(DPEphos)(dmpymtH)] complex has been established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure features a tetrahedral copper(I) center with two phosphorus atoms from the chelating diphos ligand, one halogen atom and the exocyclic sulfur atom of the heterocyclic thioamide unit. The complexes are strongly emissive in the solid state at ambient temperature. DFT and TD-DFT calculations were employed to study the structural, electronic and photophysical properties of the novel complexes. Electronic absorption spectra show two broad bands in the regions 275-290 and 380-398 nm of mixed MLCT/IL character. Intense blue-green emission is observed in the region 500-558 nm for complexes having py2SH or dmpymtH thione ligands. The emitting first triplet excited state, T(1) is mainly localized on the thione ligand.     

Base‐dependent selectivity of an SNAr reaction

A detailed kinetic analysis and computational study of an S_NAr reaction between 2,5,6‐trifluoronicotinonitrile, 2 , and the ambident 3‐isopropoxy‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐amine, 3 , is presented. The selectivity with respect to the reaction at the primary amino group of 2 , to give the desired product, 2,5‐difluoro‐6‐[(3‐isopropoxy‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐yl)amino]nicotinonitrile, 1 , is strongly dependent upon reaction conditions. Reaction is found to proceed via both uncatalysed and base catalysed routes, and selectivity towards 1 is strongly enhanced in the presence of the base diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane (DABCO). Computational studies in tetrahydrofuran solution at the B3LYP/6‐31G* level of theory have provided valuable insight into alternative kinetically indistinguishable reaction pathways. The results suggest that for reaction at the primary amino group, proton removal by DABCO accompanying amine addition allows avoidance of a high‐energy, zwitterionic Meisenheimer intermediate. Reactions at the alternative pyrazole nitrogen atoms are less sensitive to the presence of base because of stabilisation of the Meisenheimer zwitterions by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.