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991.
In most instrumental analysis, the analyte concentration is usually obtained the by Analytical Curve Method (ACM) or Standard Addition Method (SAM). Thus, it is important for the analyst to select the most appropriate method, to seek the best conditions of analysis, and to provide parameters of analytical performance. A strategy to do so is proposed in this paper in conjunction with MATLAB software to implement it. The proposed strategy was applied to copper determination by atomic absorption spectrometry in Brazilian sugarcane spirits termed 'Cacha?a' and SAM was chosen as the most appropriate method. To select the best experimental design for SAM, the influence of some factors, such as the number of standard additions and concentration levels, the location of the levels and the average concentration of the standard additions were demonstrated. The design with six standard additions, four concentration levels located near the inferior and superior levels and the average concentration of the standard additions closer to zero yielded SAM with an adequate compromise between precision, cost and time of analysis. The uniform distribution of concentration levels, usually used in routine analysis, is not a good design regarding precision. On the other hand, it is adequate when the linear range is unknown. Generally, the proposed strategy can be applied to different instrumental techniques and samples, which aim to improve their analytical performance. 相似文献
992.
Alvarez-Puebla RA Ross DJ Nazri GA Aroca RF 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2005,21(23):10504-10508
Fabrication, characterization, and optical enhancement applications of bimetallic AgAu nanoparticles and nanoshells are reported. Nanoparticles with tunable surface plasmon resonances are synthesized at room temperature and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and photon correlation spectroscopy. The collective electron oscillation of the nanoparticles shows a controllable tunability in the 400-990 nm spectral range, in agreement with plasmon absorption calculated using Mie theory, providing an optimum substrate for surface plasmon-assisted enhanced spectroscopy. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering experiments show that the average enhancement factor obtained with nanoshells could be higher than those obtained with silver sols. 相似文献
993.
Sergio Baggio M. Enriqueta Díaz de Vivar Ricardo Baggio 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2006,62(5):m192-m194
The title compound, [Zn(S2O3)(C18H12N6)(H2O)]·0.5H2O, contains two almost identical independent monomeric moieties composed of an octahedral Zn centre coordinated by a tridentate 2,4,6‐tri‐2‐pyridyl‐1,3,5‐triazine (tpt) ligand, one aqua ligand and an O,S‐chelating thiosulfate anion. The structure is stabilized by a solvent water molecule. Multiple strong hydrogen bonds with additional weaker π–π interactions between tpt groups define a multiple column spatial organization. 相似文献
994.
Garden SJ Guimarães CR Corréa MB de Oliveira CA Pinto Ada C Bicca de Alencastro R 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2003,68(23):8815-8822
The Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridine ester (1) has been observed to be a useful selective reducing agent for the reduction of electron-withdrawing conjugated double bonds. The rate of this reaction was observed to be dependent upon the nature of the conjugated substituents and, consequently, the electronic nature of the unsaturated double bond. Theoretical calculations confirmed the importance of the HOMO-LUMO gap for this reaction and implicated a hydride transfer, agreeing with the experimentally observed reaction rate order. The calculations also revealed the importance of a boatlike structure of the 1,4-dihydropyridine nucleus as well as a trans arrangement of the ester groups to facilitate the hydride transfer. 相似文献
995.
Velásquez P Leinen D Pascual J Ramos-Barrado JR Grez P Gómez H Schrebler R Del Río R Córdova R 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2005,109(11):4977-4988
Electrodic surfaces of natural chalcopyrite and natural pyrite minerals (El Teniente mine, Chile) have been studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy including microanalysis (SEM/EDX). For comparison, fractured and polished mineral surfaces were also studied by XPS. In both electrodes, the formation of Fe(III) species containing oxygen were detected and Cu(II) species containing oxygen were additionally detected for chalcopyrite at advanced oxidation states. The presence of Cu(II) species containing oxygen was not detected by XPS for the initial oxidation states of the chalcopyrite. For pyrite, the present results do not allow confirmation of the presence of polysulfurs such as have been previously proposed. In both minerals, the measurements of SEM and EDX show relevant alterations in the respective surfaces when different potential values were applied. The chalcopyrite surface shows the formation of protrusions with a high concentration of oxygen. The pyrite surface shows a layer of modified material with high oxygen content. The modifications detected by XPS, SEM, and EDX allowed the explanation of the complexity of the equivalent circuit used to simulate the experimental EIS data. At high oxidation states, both minerals showed a pseudoinductive loop in the equivalent circuit, which was due to the active electrodissolution of the minerals which takes place through a surface film previously formed. 相似文献
996.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) are powerful optical scattering techniques used in such frontier areas of research as ultrasensitive chemical analysis, the characterization of nanostructures, and the detection of single molecules. However, measuring and, most importantly, interpreting SERS/SERRS spectra can be incredibly challenging. This is the result of modifications to the measured spectra that are due to of a variety of instabilities and contributions. These interferences and modifications arise from the nature of the enhancement itself, as well as the conditions used to attain SERS spectra. The present report is an attempt to collect in one place the analytical interferences that are most commonly found during the collection of SERS/SERRS spectra. 相似文献
997.
Ricardo Baggio Julio Belmar Claudio Jimnez Leandro Ortiz María Teresa Garland 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2006,62(2):o76-o78
The title compound, C14H25N3O2, consists of a five‐membered heterocyclic ring to which a pendant decyl group is attached. The oximino tautomeric character of the molecule is clearly defined by the distribution of well defined double bonds in the heterocycle region (one C=O and two C=N). The most conspicuous packing interaction is the strong intermolecular hydrogen bond linking the oximino OH group and the carbonyl O atom to define broad planar hydrophilic strips running along the unique b axis. The alkyl chains adopt a fully extended conformation and lie almost at right angles to these one‐dimensional structures, defining their hydrophobic counterpart. 相似文献
998.
Pancracio Palting Jorge Ricardo Letelier Ying Nan Chiu 《International journal of quantum chemistry》2004,96(1):56-68
Electronic geminals constructed as linear combinations of binary products of site functions are used to formulate a vibronic model of superconductivity in crystals that is based upon the approximation of independent correlated electron pairs obtained variationally from an electron‐pair Hamiltonian and the Jahn–Teller effect. The cyclic symmetry of the system is taken into account and the geminals are sorted into doubly degenerate pairs. The Herzberg–Teller expansion of the pair Hamiltonian in terms of vibrational modes leads directly to the Jahn–Teller effect. A contact transformation of the vibronic Hamiltonian containing only linear terms lowers the energy of the system by a second‐order term associated with the Jahn–Teller stabilization energy. A possible model for superconductivity in solids is proposed on the basis of the Jahn–Teller effect. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003 相似文献
999.
Antonio G. Gonzalez Dulce M. Estrada Julio D. Martin Victor S. Martin Cirilo Perez Ricardo Perez 《Tetrahedron》1984,40(20):4109-4113
The methanol extract of the sponge Spongia officinalis from Pt. Guimar, Tenerife (Canary Islands) contained new diterpenoids which inhibited the growth of microbes. The structures of the new diterpenes isolated were determined as; 11β-hydroxyspongi-12-en-16-one (), 11β-acetoxyspongi-12-en-16-one (), 7β,11β-dihydroxy8pongi-12-en-16-one (), and 7β,11α-dihydroxy-spongi-12-en-16-one (), by spectral and chemical degradation studies. The previously reported diterpenes isoagatholactone () and aplysillin () were also found in the extract. 相似文献
1000.
Lucia M. P. Damasceno Jari N. Cardoso Ricardo B. Coelho 《Journal of separation science》1992,15(4):256-259
The use of high-temperature-stable, medium polarity glass capillary columns coated with immobilized PS-090 (a 20 % diphenyl-substituted, CH3O-terminated polydimethylsiloxane) has made it possible to analyze routinely, and with good separation efficiency, high molecular weight compounds such as triglycerides and free base porphyrins. Cold on-column injection was used throughout this work to avoid discrimination against involatile compounds, and disposable (fused silica) retention gaps were used to protect the column against contamination with involatile material. On-column injection into narrow bore glass columns was achieved by using glass-to-silica connections to attach wider bore (0.2 mm i.d.) deactivated fused silica tubing to the columns. 相似文献