For new drug candidates with high protein binding in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, their influence on the protein bindings of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, sulfonylurea drugs, and angiotensin receptor blockers should be predicted to prevent side effects. To provide an efficient tool for this study, a sensitive and rapid LC–MS–MS method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of representative drugs, benazepril, gliclazide and valsartan in human plasma. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Shim-pack VP-ODS C18 column (250 × 2.0 mm i.d., 5 μm) using methanol–0.05% formic acid (90:10, v/v) as mobile phase. Detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source and operated in SRM mode. Lower limits of quantification were 2, 2 and 20 ng?1 mL for benazepril, gliclazide and valsartan with 0.1 mL plasma sample. The method fulfills the precision, accuracy, linearity, sensitivity, selectivity requirements to quantify the three drugs and has been successfully used to studying protein binding of benazepril, gliclazide and valsartan in the presence of rhein. 相似文献
Flower power : Unique 3D flower‐like Bi2O3 hierarchical nanostructures were synthesized using a mild aqueous template‐free method (see figure). By introducing VO3? into the reaction system, which mediated the nucleation and growth of Bi2O3, the in situ self‐assembly of 3D hierarchitectures from 2D nanosheets has been realized.
An efficient catalytic asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indoles with alkylidene malonates has been developed by using a chiral N,N′‐dioxide–Sc(OTf)3 complex as the catalyst (see scheme). Some optically active intermediates containing the indole skeleton have been synthesized, such as indolepropionic acid, tryptamines, and β‐carbolines. The coordination between the scandium atom and the chiral N,N′‐dioxide compound has been revealed by X‐ray structure analysis.
The effectiveness of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs), that is, caffeic acid (CaA), chlorogenic acid (ChA), sinapic acid (SA), ferulic acid (FA), 3‐hydroxycinnamic acid (3‐HCA), and 4‐hydroxycinnamic acid (4‐HCA), as pBR322 plasmid DNA‐cleaving agents in the presence of CuII ions was investigated. Compounds bearing o‐hydroxy or 3,5‐dimethoxy groups on phenolic rings (CaA, SA, and ChA) were remarkably more effective at causing DNA damage than the compounds bearing no such groups; furthermore, CaA was the most active among the HCAs examined. The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and CuI ions in the DNA damage was affirmed by the inhibition of the DNA breakage by using specific scavengers of ROS and a CuI chelator. The interaction between CaA and CuII ions and the influence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), the solvent, and pH value on the interaction were also studied to help elucidate the detailed prooxidant mechanism by using UV/Vis spectroscopic analysis. On the basis of these observations, it is proposed that it is the CaA phenolate anion, instead of the parent molecule, that chelates with the CuII ion as a bidentate ligand, hence facilitating the intramolecular electron transfer to form the corresponding CaA semiquinone radical intermediate. The latter undergoes a second electron transfer with oxygen to form the corresponding o‐quinone and a superoxide, which play a pivotal role in the DNA damage. The intermediacy of the semiquinone radical was supported by isolation of its dimer from the CuII‐mediated oxidation products. Intriguingly, CaA was also the most cytotoxic compound among the HCAs toward human promyelocytic leukemia (HL‐60) cell proliferation. Addition of exogenous CuII ions resulted in an effect dichotomy on cell viability depending on the concentration of CaA; that is, low concentrations of CaA enhanced the cell viability and, conversely, high concentrations of CaA almost completely inhibited the cell proliferation. On the other hand, when superoxide dismutase was added before, the two stimulation effects of exogenous CuII ions were significantly ameliorated, thus clearly indicating that the oxidative‐stress level regulates cell proliferation and death. These findings provide direct evidence for the antioxidant/prooxidant mechanism of cancer chemoprevention. 相似文献
This paper describes the formation of magnetic and fluorescent nanocomposite particles which consist of superparamagnetic Fe_3O_4 core,SiO_2 shell and organic dye(FITC) coating layer on their surface.The obtained nanocomposites possess typical superparamagnetism and exhibit clear green fluorescence image.And their fluorescence emission is pH-dependent,which would be applied to pH sensing. 相似文献
A simple and efficient procedure for the synthesis of substituted benzothiazoles through condensation of 2-aminothiophenol with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of H_2O_2/HCl system in ethanol at room temperature is described.The target compounds have been characterized by ~1H NMR,~(13)C NMR,IR and MS.Short reaction time,easy and quick isolation of the products,and excellent yields are the main advantages of this procedure. 相似文献
25,27-Dipropoxy-p-tert-butylcalix[4]crown-9 cone conformer 5 was readily synthesized via an intramolecular cyclization strategy in good yields.The structures of all the new compounds involved were confirmed by NMR,ESI-MS and elementalanalyses.All of them were proved to be in the cone conformation. 相似文献
In this paper, solution existence conditions for the model matching problem are studied for systems over semirings, which are used in many applications, such as queueing systems, communication networks, and manufacturing systems. The main contribution is the discovery of fixed pole structure in solutions to the model matching problem. This fixed pole structure provides essential information contained in all the solutions to the model matching problem. For a discrete-event dynamic system example, a common Petri net component in the solutions of the model matching problem can be discovered from the fixed pole structure. 相似文献