Classical spin-field model of a one-dimensional ferromagnet in an external magnetic field

The low temperature field dependent magnetization and susceptibility of the linear ferromagnet CsNiF₃ are compared with calculations for a one-dimensional classical spin field model.     

An efficient, PIFA mediated approach to benzo-, naphtho-, and heterocycle-fused pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]diazepines. An advantageous access to the antitumor antibiotic DC-81

[reaction: see text] The synthesis of a series of optically pure benzo-, naphtho-, and heterocycle-fused pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]-diazepin-5,11-dione derivatives starting from l-proline methyl ester is presented. The synthetic plan includes an aroylation step at the proline nitrogen followed by transformation of the ester residue into a N-methoxyamide group. The subsequent key cyclization step embraces the PIFA mediated formation of a N-acylnitrenium intermediate and its succeeding intramolecular trapping by the aromatic ring. The presented general approach solves the need of starting from not very accessible amino (or a related functionality) aromatic starting materials, and its effectiveness is demonstrated in the synthesis of the antitumor antibiotic DC-81.     

Affine Projections on Adapted Subalgebras of Continuous Functions

In this paper we study a particular class of positive projections defined on an adapted subalgebra of continuous real-valued functions. Among other things, we characterize the existence of such projections in terms of representing measures concentrated on the Choquet boundary and we show their strong connection with the abstract Dirichlet problem. Finally we show how to construct Korovkin subsets for such projections. Mathematics Subject classification (2000): Primary:47B38, 47B65, 31C99. Secondary 46E25, 41A36.     

EXAFS study of iron monomers and dimers isolated in solid argon

We report a study of local structure of iron monomers and dimers isolated in a rare gas Ar matrix using extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements. The results have been compared with Mössbauer measurements on such systems. The interatomic distance found for Fe₂ in these measurements is 1.87 ± 0.13 Å.     

Electron energy loss measurements on PbF2, PbCl2, PbBr2 and PbI2

The results of electron energy loss measurements on polycrystalline films of PbF₂, PbC1₂, PbBr₂ and PbI₂ are present and the calculated dielectric functions are discussed in relation to their band structures and optical data.     

Electronic and geometric properties of ETS-10: QM/MM studies of cluster models

Hybrid DFT/MM methods have been used to investigate the electronic and geometric properties of the microporous titanosilicate ETS-10. A comparison of finite length and periodic models demonstrates that band gap energies for ETS-10 can be well represented with relatively small cluster models. Optimization of finite clusters leads to different local geometries for bulk and end sites, where the local bulk TiO6 geometry is in good agreement with recent experimental results. Geometry optimizations reveal that any asymmetry within the axial O-Ti-O chain is negligible. The band gap in the optimized model corresponds to a O(2p) --> Tibulk(3d) transition. The results suggest that the three Ti atom, single chain, symmetric, finite cluster is an effective model for the geometric and electronic properties of bulk and end TiO6 groups in ETS-10.     

Magnetic properties of ferromagnetic quasi-1D copper-peptide compounds: exchange interactions and very low temperature phase transitions

The magnetic properties of the Cu(II)-peptide compounds (L-tyrosyl-L-leucinato)Cu(II) and (L-tryptophyl-glycinato)Cu(II), to be identified as Cu(II)Tyr-Leu and Cu(II)Trp-Gly, respectively, have been investigated by specific heat (0.08 < T < 28 K), dc magnetization (2 < T < 80 K, with B(0) = mu(o)H < or = 9 T), and ac magnetic susceptibility (with B(0) = 0 for 0.03 < T < 3 K and B(0) up to 9 T for 2 < T < 80 K) measurements. Above approximately 1 K, the specific heat and magnetization of both compounds display a ferromagnetic (FM) spin chain behavior sustained by syn-anti carboxylate bridges connecting equatorially Cu(II) ions at about 5 A. To model this behavior, we calculated the eigenvalues of Heisenberg chains with up to 20 spins 1/2 and used the method of Bonner and Fisher. A global fit of the model to the specific heat and magnetization data gives 2J(0)/k(B) = 3.60(5) K and 2.59(5) K for the intrachain exchange interactions in Cu(II)Tyr-Leu and Cu(II)Trp-Gly, respectively (H(ex)(i,j) = -2J(0) S(i).S(j)). These values of 2J(0) are discussed in terms of structural properties of the carboxylate bridges in the two compounds. Using the parameters obtained from the global fit, we calculated isothermal susceptibilities in agreement with the ac susceptibilities measured with small applied dc magnetic fields. However, the ac susceptibility measured with applied dc fields larger than 1 T lie between the values calculated for the isothermal and adiabatic susceptibilities. At 0.16 K for Cu(II)Tyr-Leu and 0.53 K for Cu(II)Trp-Gly, the observed specific heat and magnetic susceptibility display peaks associated to three-dimensional magnetic phase transitions. The interchain exchange couplings 2J(1) producing the 3D magnetic order are ferromagnetic and have magnitudes 2J(1)/k(B) approximately 0.015 and 0.073 K for Cu(II)Tyr-Leu and Cu(II)Trp-Gly, respectively.     

Dynamics of surface catalyzed reactions; the roles of surface defects, surface diffusion, and hot electrons

The mechanism that controls bond breaking at transition metal surfaces has been studied with sum frequency generation (SFG), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and catalytic nanodiodes operating under the high-pressure conditions. The combination of these techniques permits us to understand the role of surface defects, surface diffusion, and hot electrons in dynamics of surface catalyzed reactions. Sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy and kinetic measurements were performed under 1.5 Torr of cyclohexene hydrogenation/dehydrogenation in the presence and absence of H(2) and over the temperature range 300-500 K on the Pt(100) and Pt(111) surfaces. The structure specificity of the Pt(100) and Pt(111) surfaces is exhibited by the surface species present during reaction. On Pt(100), pi-allyl c-C6H9, cyclohexyl (C6H11), and 1,4-cyclohexadiene are identified adsorbates, while on the Pt(111) surface, pi-allyl c-C6H9, 1,4-cyclohexadiene, and 1,3-cyclohexadiene are present. A scanning tunneling microscope that can be operated at high pressures and temperatures was used to study the Pt(111) surface during the catalytic hydrogenation/dehydrogenation of cyclohexene and its poisoning with CO. It was found that catalytically active surfaces were always disordered, while ordered surface were always catalytically deactivated. Only in the case of the CO poisoning at 350 K was a surface with a mobile adsorbed monolayer not catalytically active. From these results, a CO-dominated mobile overlayer that prevents reactant adsorption was proposed. By using the catalytic nanodiode, we detected the continuous flow of hot electron currents that is induced by the exothermic catalytic reaction. During the platinum-catalyzed oxidation of carbon monoxide, we monitored the flow of hot electrons over several hours using a metal-semiconductor Schottky diode composed of Pt and TiO2. The thickness of the Pt film used as the catalyst was 5 nm, less than the electron mean free path, resulting in the ballistic transport of hot electrons through the metal. The electron flow was detected as a chemicurrent if the excess electron kinetic energy generated by the exothermic reaction was larger than the effective Schottky barrier formed at the metal-semiconductor interface. The measurement of continuous chemicurrent indicated that chemical energy of exothermic catalytic reaction was directly converted into hot electron flux in the catalytic nanodiode. We found the chemicurrent was well-correlated with the turnover rate of CO oxidation separately measured by gas chromatography.     

On Inexact Relative-Error Hybrid Proximal Extragradient,Forward-Backward and Tseng’s Modified Forward-Backward Methods with Inertial Effects

Set-Valued and Variational Analysis - For solving monotone inclusion problems, we propose an inertial under-relaxed version of the relative-error hybrid proximal extragradient method. We study the...