Suppressor capacity of iron nanoparticles biosynthesized using Salvia chloroleuca leaf aqueous extract on methadone-induced cell death in PC12: Formulation a new drug from relationship between the nanobiotechnology and neurology sciences

Metallic nanoparticles have gained significant attention in the area of biomedical technology. Because of its high surface area, metallic nanoparticles are being widely used in various fields including the medical and engineering sciences. One of the valuable applications of metallic nanoparticles especially copper, zinc, and iron nanoparticles is increasing the physiological function of central nervous system. Besides, Iranian people are using the Salvia chloroleuca for neuroprotective properties. In the present research, iron nanoparticles were biosynthesized by S. chloroleuca leaf aqueous extract as reducing and stabilizing agents. Also, we revealed the protective effect of FeNPs in methadone-treated PC12 cells. FeNPs were characterized and analyzed using common nanotechnology techniques including FT-IR, UV–Vis. spectroscopy; EDS, TEM, and FE-SEM. TEM and FE-SEM images revealed a uniform spherical morphology for FeNPs. In the biological part of the current study, the both treatments of FeNPs significantly (p ≤ 0.01) reduced the cell cytotoxicity and cell death index as well as increased the cell viability and cell proliferation in methadone-treated PC12 cells. In these treatments, mitochondrial membrane potential significantly (p ≤ 0.01) increased compared to methadone-induced PC12 cells. DPPH free radical scavenging test was did to evaluate the antioxidant potentials of FeCl₃, S. chloroleuca, and FeNPs. DPPH test indicated similar antioxidant activities for S. chloroleuca, FeNPs, and butylated hydroxytoluene. In current experiment, we concluded that iron nanoparticles biosynthesized by S. chloroleuca leaf aqueous extract suppressed methadone-induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner in PC12 cells.     

Geochemical characterization of miocene core sediments from Shahbazpur gas-wells (Bangladesh) in terms of elemental abundances by instrumental neutron activation analysis

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - Geochemical characterization of Shahbazpur structure (Bengal Foredeep) in terms of elemental abundances obtained from INAA are presented by...     

Effect of gold nanoparticles synthesized using the aqueous extract of Satureja hortensis leaf on enhancing the shelf life and removing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in minced camel's meat: The role of nanotechnology in the food industry

Because herbal nanoparticles have antimicrobial properties, researchers have tried to synthesize them to aid in increasing the shelf time of food and food products. In this regard, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized by plants are particularly important. In this study, fresh and clean leaves of Satureja hortensis were selected for the synthesis of AuNPs. We also evaluated the efficacy of these nanoparticles to increase the shelf life of and remove Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes from minced camel's meat. The nanoparticles were analyzed by UV–visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction tests. The FT-IR spectroscopy results demonstrated that the antioxidant compounds in the plant were the sources of reducing power, reducing gold ions to AuNPs. FE-SEM and TEM images revealed the size of the nanoparticles to be 22.26 nm. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl test revealed similar antioxidant potentials for S. hortensis, AuNPs, and butylated hydroxytoluene. S. hortensis and AuNPs had high cell viability dose-dependently against the human umbilical vein endothelial cell line. At the beginning of the food industry part of this experiment, all samples of control, S. hortensis, and AuNPs were preserved at 4°C for 20 days. During these 20 days, the sensory, chemical, and microbiological parameters were assessed for all samples. AuNPs significantly inhibited the growth of E. coli and L. monocytogenes. In addition, AuNPs significantly increased the protein carbonyl content, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, pH, peroxide value, total volatile base nitrogen, and sensory attributes (color, odor, and overall acceptability). The best results were seen in AuNPs (1%). These findings reveal that the inclusion of S. hortensis extract improves the solubility of AuNPs, which led to a notable enhancement in their preservative and antibacterial effects.     

Magnetoacoustic waves with effect of arbitrary degree of temperature and spin degeneracy in electron-positron-ion plasmas

The linear properties of magnetosonic waves are studied in nearly degenerate and nearly non-degenerate quantum plasmas composed of electrons, positrons and ions in the presence of spin- effect. Using the fluid equations, a generalized dispersion relation for perpendicular and oblique propagation is derived. It is found that degree of temperature and spin degeneracy modify the dispersive properties of the given modes. The results of analysis are beneficial for understanding the collective phenomena in dense quantum astrophysical plasmas.     

The convective heat transfer analysis of the casson nanofluid jet flow under the influence of the movement of gyrotactic microorganisms

Jet flows provide an effective mode of energy transfer or mass transfer in industrial applications. When compared to traditional cooling through convection, jet flows have high heat and mass transfer coefficients. Further, the devices equipped with jet flow provides efficient use of fluid and also offers enhanced heat and mass transfer rates. Hence in this study, the jet flow of Casson nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms that stabilises the nanoparticle suspension is discussed. To control the fluid from outside external magnetic field is imposed. The model with these characteristics are useful in the appliances like coolants in automobiles, nuclear reactors, micro-manufacturing, metallurgical process etc. Such a model is created by employing PDE, which are then transformed into a system of ODE. The DTM is employed to obtain the solution to system of equations, and the results are interpreted using graphs. It is perceived that the velocity of the nanofluid flow is decreased because of the increased yield stress created by the greater values of the Casson parameter. As a result, the temperature profile is found to be increasing. Meanwhile, it is observed that for increased value of chemical reaction parameter diminishes the nanoparticle concentration. The motile density is found to decrease for increase in the Peclet number and the bioconvection Schmidt number. Further, the thermophoresis improves the temperature and concentration profile of the nanofluid.     

Tetrazole derivatives synthesis using Fe3O4@fibroin-SO3H as a magnetically separable green solid acid nanocatalyst under solvent-free conditions

Research on Chemical Intermediates - In the present study, a magnetically separable potent solid acid nanocatalyst with a facile preparation technique was fabricated via incorporation of fibroin as...     

Optimizing nozzle convergent angle using central composite design on the particle velocity and acoustic power level for single-hose dry ice blasting nozzle

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - One of the important parameters in developing dry ice blasting nozzle is the high-speed dry ice pellets. However, many studies focus primarily only on...     

Selenium Biofortification: Roles,Mechanisms, Responses and Prospects

The trace element selenium (Se) is a crucial element for many living organisms, including soil microorganisms, plants and animals, including humans. Generally, in Nature Se is taken up in the living cells of microorganisms, plants, animals and humans in several inorganic forms such as selenate, selenite, elemental Se and selenide. These forms are converted to organic forms by biological process, mostly as the two selenoamino acids selenocysteine (SeCys) and selenomethionine (SeMet). The biological systems of plants, animals and humans can fix these amino acids into Se-containing proteins by a modest replacement of methionine with SeMet. While the form SeCys is usually present in the active site of enzymes, which is essential for catalytic activity. Within human cells, organic forms of Se are significant for the accurate functioning of the immune and reproductive systems, the thyroid and the brain, and to enzyme activity within cells. Humans ingest Se through plant and animal foods rich in the element. The concentration of Se in foodstuffs depends on the presence of available forms of Se in soils and its uptake and accumulation by plants and herbivorous animals. Therefore, improving the availability of Se to plants is, therefore, a potential pathway to overcoming human Se deficiencies. Among these prospective pathways, the Se-biofortification of plants has already been established as a pioneering approach for producing Se-enriched agricultural products. To achieve this desirable aim of Se-biofortification, molecular breeding and genetic engineering in combination with novel agronomic and edaphic management approaches should be combined. This current review summarizes the roles, responses, prospects and mechanisms of Se in human nutrition. It also elaborates how biofortification is a plausible approach to resolving Se-deficiency in humans and other animals.     

Smectogenic properties of N,N'-bis[(2-hydroxy-4-alkoxyphenyl)methylene]benzene-1,4-diamine liquid crystals with double lateral H-bonds

A series of eight liquid crystalline compounds, N,N'-bis[(2-hydroxy-4-alkoxyphenyl)methylene]benzene-1,4-diamines, has been synthesized and characterized. These homologous compounds differ in the length of terminal alkyl group C _n H_2n+1 wherein n is an even number ranging from 4 to 18. The spectroscopic techniques, FTIR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR, were employed to characterize the molecular structure. The transition temperatures of all the title compounds and their mesophases were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and polarizing microscopy. All the compounds were smectogenic, exhibiting both tilted and non-tilted molecular orientation in their smectic phases. Further investigation to ascertain the anisotropic nature of subphases within the smectogenic region was carried out using X-ray diffraction.