Raman spectroscopy: a tool for biomechanical characterization of Stratum Corneum

The mechanical properties of the Stratum Corneum (SC) have been studied by different authors at the macroscopic level, but the modification of its ultra structure during mechanical extension remains unknown. Moreover, little is described about the effect of the mechanical stress on SC barrier function. In this study, we have examined the SC structure changes, at the molecular level, during uniaxial tensile experiments. This was performed on isolated SC samples using Raman spectroscopy. We could identify the strain status of the analyzed samples by using combination of Raman spectra and Partial Least Squares processing. In addition, this approach provided information about lipids and proteins behavior during the sample extension. The structure of the intercellular lipids bilayer became less organized up to ~9% deformation. For higher strains, a plateau corresponding to the minimum organization is observed till the complete failure of the sample. In the same time, protein structures including desmosomes, were characterized by monotonic secondary structure modifications for deformations up to ~9% followed by a plateau. These observations are relevantly demonstrating the effect of extension on the skin barrier state. Such an approach could be objectively used for clinical applications to evaluate skin discomfort degree and skin elastic behavior. This could therefore help with proof of efficacy for cosmetic and dermatologic products. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

High tilt antiferroelectric esters bearing a perfluorobutanoyloxy terminal chain: the influence of lateral fluoro substituents on mesomorphic behaviour, tilt angle, and spontaneous polarization

Novel liquid crystalline esters have been synthesized with a perfluorocarbonyloxy terminal chain and lateral fluoro substituents in order to determine their influence on mesomorphic behaviour, tilt angle and spontaneous polarization. Certain locations of lateral fluoro substituents provide for very low melting points and reasonably wide temperature ranges of the antiferroelectric phase, and can generate enhanced tilt angles of up to 45°, although spontaneous polarization is always lower than for the parent system without lateral fluoro substituents. Thus, these novel materials, particularly as components in mixtures, should be useful in high tilt antiferroelectric (orthoconic) applications.     

Local stability of evolutionary attractors for continuous structured populations

In this paper, we are interested in the nonlinear stability of Dirac-type steady solutions to an integro-differential equation appearing in the study of populations which are structured with respect to a quantitative (continuous) trait. We show that stability conditions of Adaptive Dynamics extend to this model.     

On the Laplace integral representation of multivariate Mittag‐Leffler functions in anomalous relaxation

In the given paper, a special method of representation of the Mittag‐Leffler functions and their multivariate generalizations in the form of the Laplace integrals is suggested. The method is based on the usage of the generalized multiplication Efros theorem. The possibilities of a new method are demonstrated on derivation of the integral representations for relaxation functions used in the anomalous dielectric relaxation in time domain. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Efficient Synthesis of Some Dichloroalditols: Direct Regioselective Chlorination of Some Unprotected Alditols by 1-Chlorocarbonyl-1-methylethyl Acetate

Abstract

Treatment of unprotected hexitols (D-glucitol, D-mannitol) and pentitols (D-arabinitol, xylitol and ribitol) with 1-chlorocarbonyl-1-methylethyl acetate (Me₂C(OAc)COCl), in 1,4-dioxane, leads to α,ω-dichloro derivatives in good yields. A route to some α,ω-dichloroacetoxy regioisomers has been elucidated.     

Dimensionality of Local Minimizers of the Interaction Energy

In this work we consider local minimizers (in the topology of transport distances) of the interaction energy associated with a repulsive–attractive potential. We show how the dimensionality of the support of local minimizers is related to the repulsive strength of the potential at the origin.     

Zum Nachweis, zur Bestimmung und Trennung des Nickels und Kobalts

Ohne Zusammenfassung