Diverse neuronal responses of a fractional-order Izhikevich model: journey from chattering to fast spiking

Nonlinear Dynamics - The firing activities of multiple timescale dynamics for single neurons can be treated with fractional-order derivative. It has been shown in previous studies (theoretical and...     

Fractional-order excitable neural system with bidirectional coupling

Fractional-order dynamics is applicable to biological excitable systems with strong interactions or systems with long-term memory effect. The activity of neural membrane voltage depends on the long-range correlations of ionic conductances. Such a behavior of the membrane voltage with long-range correlation can be better described with a fractional-order dynamics. A fractional-order coupled modified three-dimensional (3D) Morris–Lecar (M–L) neural system has been presented to show the variations in the firing patterns from resting state \( \rightarrow \) oscillatory pattern \( \rightarrow \) bursting and the synchronous behavior by designing a bidirectional coupling mechanism. The fractional exponents are lying between 0 and 1. The predominant controller of the changes of firing behavior is the fractional exponent. The stability of synchronization and nature of the fractional system dynamics have been analyzed. To make the investigations more convincing and biologically plausible, we consider a network of M–L oscillators with bidirectional synaptic coupling functions using global type connections and present the effectiveness of the coupling scheme.     

微波诱导生物热传导方程的最优控制问题

用一组方程式描述均匀平板状生物组织的热传导,分析其分布式的最优控制问题,研究该生物组织在肿瘤局部特殊点上达到所必需的温度,通过控制微波,使微波辐射的诱导作用,在手术进程的总时间内,该肿瘤点达到过高热．研究在手术过程不同时间点上生物组织温度与其长度间的依赖关系,使肿瘤达到期望的温度值．     

Soliton-like solutions of certain types of nonlinear diffusion-reaction equations with variable coefficient

With a view to exploring new soliton-like solutions of certain types of nonlinear diffusion-reaction (DR) equations with a variable coefficient, we demonstrate the viability of a method which is the combination of both the symbolic computation technique of Gao and Tian [Y.T. Gao, B. Tian, Comput. Phys. Commun. 133 (2001) 158] and auxiliary equation method of Sirendaoreji [Sirendaoreji, Phys. Lett. A 356 (2006) 124] and used recently for the KdV equation. In particular, the DR equations with quadratic and cubic nonlinearities with a time-dependent velocity in the convective flux term are studied and the existence of soliton-like solutions is shown.     

Age-group-targeted testing for COVID-19 as a new prevention strategy

Nonlinear Dynamics - Robust testing and tracing are key to fighting the menace of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This outbreak has progressed with tremendous impact on human life, society and...     

Exploring amino acid‐tethered polymethacrylates as CO2‐sensitive macromolecules: A concealed property

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)‐responsive polymers have been gaining considerable interest because of their reactions with CO₂, giving rise to gas‐switchable properties, which can easily be reversed by mild heating or purging with inert gases. Herein, the synthesis of a series of side‐chain amino acids (alanine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan) appending poly(meth)acrylates carrying primary amine (? NH₂) groups via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization method was reported. It was found that alanine, leucine, isoleucine containing polymers displayed solubility–insolubility transition behavior and their associated property changes (solution transmittance, electrical conductivity, pH, zeta potential, and hydrodynamic diameter) in water upon alternate bubbling of CO₂/N₂ at room temperature. Among the three CO₂‐sensitive polymers only leucine based macromolecule was further chain extended with a thermoresponsive motif, di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (DEGMMA), via RAFT polymerization. CO₂‐tunable lower critical solution temperature and self‐assembling behavior of the diblock copolymer was carefully examined by UV–vis, ¹H NMR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and field emission‐scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) to establish dual thermo and gas‐tunable flip–flop micellizaion from the as‐synthesized block copolymer. Formation of polyammonium methacrylate bearing bicarbonate as counter anion is responsible for pendant primary amine containing polymer induced CO₂‐responsiveness. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 2794–2803     

Kinetics of Stripping Ni(II) from the Ni‐BTMPPA Complex/BTMPPA/Kerosene System by Sulfate‐Acetato Solution

The kinetics of stripping of Ni²⁺ from a Ni‐BTMPPA complex, dissolved in a kerosene solution of BTMPPA (H₂A₂, Cyanex 272), by acidic sulfate‐acetato solution, was studied using the single (falling) drop technique and flux (F) method of data treatment. The empirical flux equation at 303 K is F_b (kmol/m²s) = 10^?4.35 [Ni²⁺] (1+10^?3.42 [H⁺]^?1)^?1 ([H₂A₂]_(o)^0.5+2.50 [H₂A₂]_(o))^?1 (1+6[SO₄^2?]) (1+3.20 [Ac^?]). Activation energy (E_a), entropy change in activation (ΔS^±), and enthalpy change in activation (ΔH^±) were measured under different experimental conditions. Based on the empirical flux equation, E_a and ΔS^±, the mechanism of Ni²⁺ stripping is provided. In a low [H⁺] region, the stripping reaction steps appear as [NiA⁺] → Ni²⁺ + A^? and [Ni(HA₂)₂]_(int) → [NiHA₂]⁺_(int) + HA_2(int)^? in lower and higher concentration regions of free BTMPPA, respectively, provided [SO₄^2?] and [Ac^?] are kept low. However, at higher [H⁺] concentrations, the stripping is under diffusion control. With increasing [SO₄^2?] and [Ac^?], the enhancement of the rate is attributed to the attack of the Ni(II) complex by SO₄^2? or HSO₄^? and Ac^? to form NiSO₄ or NiHSO₄⁺ and NiAc⁺ complexes. Negative ΔS^± values indicate that the rate‐determining stripping reaction steps occur via an substitution nucleophilic, bimolecular (S_N2) mechanism.     

Complexation reaction of metal ions with peptide systems. Part II. Potentiometric studies of the complexes of glycyl-DL-valine with Gd, Dy, Er and Yb

The stable complexes of amino acids with rare earths have found importance in the separation of these metals¹. The complexation reactions of a number of dipeptides with copper and nickel have been reported in the literature^{2 – 9}; but little work appears to have been done with rare earth metals. This paper is a continuation of our earlier communication¹⁰, and deals with the study of complexes of Gd³⁺, Dy³⁺, Er ³⁺ and Yb³⁺ with Glycyl-DL-valine. The Calvin—Bjerrum^{11, 12} pH titration technique, as modified by Irving and Rossotti¹³, has been employed.     

A thermodynamic study of complexation reaction of yttrium(III), lanthanum(III) and cerium(III) with tyrosine

The thermodynamic stability constants and thermodynamic parameters for complexation reaction of Y³⁺, La³⁺, and Ce³⁺ with tyrosine have been determined pH metrically. The study reveals the formation of 11 complexes for La³⁺ and Ce³⁺ whereas Y³⁺ yields both 11 and 12 complexes. The values of enthalpy changes (H ^o) indicate that unionised hydroxy group also participates in complexation.     

Extraction and extraction chromatographic separation of minor actinides from sulphate bearing high level waste solutions using CMPO

Bench-Scale studies on the partitioning and recovery of minoractinides from the actual and synthetic sulphate-bearing high level waste (SBHLW) solutions have been carried out by giving two contacts with 30% TBP to deplete uranium content followed by four contacts with 0.2M CMPO+1.2M TBP in dodecane. The acidity of the SBHLW solutions was about 0.3M. In the case of actual SBHLW, the final raffinate contained about 0.4% -activity originally present in the HLW, whereas with synthetic SBHLW the -activity was reduced to the background level.¹⁴⁴Ce is extracted almost quantitative in the CMPO phase,¹⁰⁶Ru about 12% and¹³⁷Cs is practically not extracted at all. The extraction chromatographic column studies with synthetic SBHLW (aftertwo TBP contacts) has shown that large volume of waste solutions could be passed through the column without break-through of actinide metal ions. Using 0.04M HNO₃>99% Am(III) and rare earths could be eluted/stripped. Similarly >99% Pu(IV) and U(VI) could be eluted.stripped using 0.01M oxalic acid and 0.25M sodium carbonate, respectively. In the presence of 0.16M SO ₄ ^2– (in the SBHLW) the complex ions AmSO ₄ ⁺ , UO₂SO₄, PuSO ₄ ²⁺ and Pu(SO₄)₂ were formed in the aqueous phase but the species extracted into the organic phase (CMPO+TBP) were only the nitrato complexes Am(NO₃)₃·3CMPO, UO₂(NO₃)₂·2CMPO and Pu(NO₃)₄·2CMPO. A scheme for the recovery of minor actinides from SBHLW solution with two contacts of 30% TBP followed by either solvent extraction or extraction chromatographic techniques has been proposed.