Hawking radiation and black hole spectroscopy in Hořava–Lifshitz gravity

Hawking radiation from the black hole in Ho?ava–Lifshitz gravity is discussed by a reformulation of the tunneling method given in Banerjee and Majhi (2009) [17]. Using a density matrix technique the radiation spectrum is derived which is identical to that of a perfect black body. The temperature obtained here is proportional to the surface gravity of the black hole as occurs in usual Einstein gravity. The entropy is also derived by using the first law of black hole thermodynamics. Finally, the spectrum of entropy/area is obtained. The latter result is also discussed from the viewpoint of quasi-normal modes. Both methods lead to an equispaced entropy spectrum, although the value of the spacing is not the same. On the other hand, since the entropy is not proportional to the horizon area of the black hole, the area spectrum is not equidistant, a finding which also holds for the Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet theory.     

Tuning the resonance in high-temperature superconducting terahertz metamaterials

In this Letter, we present resonance properties in terahertz metamaterials consisting of a split-ring resonator array made from high-temperature superconducting films. By varying the temperature, we observe efficient metamaterial resonance switching and frequency tuning. The results are well reproduced by numerical simulations of metamaterial resonance using the experimentally measured complex conductivity of the superconducting film. We develop a theoretical model that explains the tuning features, which takes into account the resistive resonance damping and additional split-ring inductance contributed from both the real and imaginary parts of the temperature-dependent complex conductivity. The theoretical model further predicts more efficient resonance tuning in metamaterials consisting of a thinner superconducting split-ring resonator array, which are also verified in subsequent experiments.     

On the solution of a third order linear homogeneous difference equation with variable coefficents

A closed form solution of a third order linear homogeneous difference equation with variable coefficients is presented. From it, the solution for the special case of an equation with constant coefficients is also obtained.     

Inverse analysis of an internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell system using simplex search method

An inverse problem is solved for estimating fuel cell operating parameters such as current density, pressure and fuel flow rate (FFR) separately and then simultaneously two parameters in an internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell (IRSOFC). Initially, a mathematical model for the forward problem is developed to simulate the IRSOFC steady state operation and its performance in terms of power output and then an inverse problem is solved for recovering the above parameters using a simplex search minimization algorithm. The objective function (IRSOFC power) and the estimation accuracy are studied for the effects of initial guess values of the operating parameters and the number of iterations required for retrieval of these parameters. The objective function is represented by the sum of square of the error between a given IRSOFC power and the power evaluated based on some arbitrary guessed values of the unknowns which is then regularized in an iterative manner for solution of the inverse fuel cell problem. The study reveals that a multiple combinations of parameters (current density, operating pressure and FFR) exist which provides guidelines for selecting feasible combinations of these parameters required for meeting a given power requirement. The results show relatively good agreement between the inverse and exact solutions.     

The non-commutative oscillator, symmetry and the Landau problem

The isotropic oscillator on a plane is discussed where the coordinate and momentum space are both considered to be non-commutative. We also discuss the symmetry properties of the oscillator for three separate cases when the non-commutative parameters Θ and for x and p-space, respectively, satisfy specific relations. We compare the Landau problem with the isotropic oscillator on non-commutative space and obtain a relation between the two non-commutative parameters and the magnetic field of the Landau problem.     

Microwave Synthesis of Fused Pyrans by Humic Acid Supported Ionic Liquid Catalyst and Their Antimicrobial,Antioxidant, Toxicity Assessment,and Molecular Docking Studies

A series of fused quinolinyl and quinolonyl pyrans were synthesized via a one‐pot reaction of quinolinyl and quinolonyl carbaldehydes, malononitrile, and a 1,3‐diketone. The reactions were catalyzed by a new humic acid supported 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium thiocyanate ionic liquid under microwave irradiation conditions. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and toxicity studies displayed various biological activities depending on structure of the pyrans.     

Intracellular Delivery of Glucose Oxidase for Enhanced Cytotoxicity toward PSMA‐Expressing Prostate Cancer Cells

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) forming enzymes are of significant interest as anticancer agents due to their potent cytotoxicity. A key challenge in their clinical translation is attaining site‐specific delivery and minimizing biodistribution to healthy tissues. Here, complexes composed of the ROS enzyme glucose oxidase (GOX), poly‐l ‐lysine‐grafted‐polyethylene glycol (PLL‐g‐PEG), and anti‐prostate specific membrane antigen (anti‐PSMA) monoclonal antibody are synthesized for localized delivery and uptake in prostate cancer cells. Formation of anti‐PSMA‐PLL‐g‐PEG/GOX results in nanoscale complexes ≈30 nm in diameter with a ζ‐potential of 6 mV. The anti‐PSMA‐PLL‐g‐PEG/GOX complexes show significant cytotoxicity (≈60% reduction in cell viability) against PSMA‐expressing LNCaP cells compared to unmodified GOX. Importantly, cytotoxicity in LNCaP cells occurrs concurrently with anti‐PSMA‐PLL‐g‐PEG/GOX uptake and increases in intracellular generation of ROS. These results demonstrate that cytotoxicity of ROS inducing enzymes can be enhanced by intracellular delivery compared to equivalent concentrations of free enzyme, providing a novel means for cancer therapy.     

Inequivalent Quantization in the Field of a Ferromagnetic Wire

We argue that it is possible to bind neutral atom (NA) to the ferromagnetic wire (FW) by inequivalent quantization of the Hamiltonian. We follow the well known von Neumann’s method of self-adjoint extensions (SAE) to get this inequivalent quantization, which is characterized by a parameter Σ∈ℝ(mod2π). There exists a single bound state for the coupling constant η ²∈[0,1). Although this bound state should not occur due to the existence of classical scale symmetry in the problem. But since quantization procedure breaks this classical symmetry, bound state comes out as a scale in the problem leading to scaling anomaly. We also discuss the strong coupling region η ²<0, which supports bound state making the problem re-normalizable.