Flexible software reliability growth model with testing effort dependent learning process

A lot of importance has been attached to the testing phase of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). It is during this phase it is checked whether the software product meets user requirements or not. Any discrepancies that are identified are removed. But testing needs to be monitored to increase its effectiveness. Software Reliability Growth Models (SRGMs) that specify mathematical relationships between the failure phenomenon and time have proved useful. SRGMs that include factors that affect failure process are more realistic and useful. Software fault detection and removal during the testing phase of SDLC depend on how testing resources (test cases, manpower and time) are used and also on previously identified faults. With this motivation a Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process (NHPP) based SRGM is proposed in this paper which is flexible enough to describe various software failure/reliability curves. Both testing efforts and time dependent fault detection rate (FDR) are considered for software reliability modeling. The time lag between fault identification and removal has also been depicted. The applicability of our model is shown by validating it on software failure data sets obtained from different real software development projects. The comparisons with established models in terms of goodness of fit, the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Mean of Squared Errors (MSE), etc. have been presented.     

Stability-Indicating LC Method for Assay of Cholecalciferol

This paper discusses the development of a stability-indicating reversed-phase LC method for analysis of cholecalciferol as the bulk drug and in formulations. The mobile phase was acetonitrile–methanol–water 50:50:2 (v/v). The calibration plot for the drug was linear in the range 0.4–10 μg mL⁻¹. The method was accurate and precise with limits of detection and quantitation of 64 and 215 ng, respectively. Mean recovery was 100.71%. The method was used for analysis of cholecalciferol in pharmaceutical formulations in the presence of its degradation products and commonly used excipients.

     

Applications of Fruit Polyphenols and Their Functionalized Nanoparticles Against Foodborne Bacteria: A Mini Review

The ingestion of contaminated water and food is known to cause food illness. Moreover, on assessing the patients suffering from foodborne disease has revealed the role of microbes in such diseases. Concerning which different methods have been developed for protecting food from microbes, the treatment of food with chemicals has been reported to exhibit an unwanted organoleptic effect while also affecting the nutritional value of food. Owing to these challenges, the demand for natural food preservatives has substantially increased. Therefore, the interest of researchers and food industries has shifted towards fruit polyphenols as potent inhibitors of foodborne bacteria. Recently, numerous fruit polyphenols have been acclaimed for their ability to avert toxin production and biofilm formation. Furthermore, various studies have recommended using fruit polyphenols solely or in combination with chemical disinfectants and food preservatives. Currently, different nanoparticles have been synthesized using fruit polyphenols to curb the growth of pathogenic microbes. Hence, this review intends to summarize the current knowledge about fruit polyphenols as antibacterial agents against foodborne pathogens. Additionally, the application of different fruit extracts in synthesizing functionalized nanoparticles has also been discussed.     

Formation of Coanda jet from sharp-edged swirl nozzle with base plate

Experiments were conducted using tufts and PIV to determine the conditions for which a swirled gas jet issuing from a sharp-edge nozzle, in flush with a base plate, would form a Coanda jet. The flow field was also simulated. The inception of the Coanda jet was observed to be associated with the formation of a recirculation bubble at the nozzle exit. A threshold value of swirl number, which increased monotonically with Reynolds number, was required for the formation of the Coanda jet. The Coanda jet was associated with hysteresis. The flow features and transition from a diverging jet to a Coanda jet are discussed.     

New stigmatic mounting of holographiccylindrical diffraction grating

A new stigmatic mounting of a holographic cylindrical diffraction grating has been considered to be used in the field of X-ray and XUV regions. The conditions for zero astigmatism and sagittal coma have been obtained. Astigmatism per unit length has been plotted against wavelength using the design parameters which give zero astigmatism at least at one wavelength.     

Microwave Activated Solid Support Synthesis of New Antibacterial Quinolones

 A novel synthesis of 6-fluoro-7-(5-aryl-1,3,4-thiadiazol/oxadiazol-2-yl-sulfanyl)-4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acids from 7-chloro-6-fluoro-4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acid and 5-substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles/oxadiazoles on basic alumina under microwave activation is described. All compounds were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against B. lichenformis, 2689, K. aerogens 2281, S. typhimurium 2501, E. herbicola 2491, and P. vulgaris 2027 and found to possess activities comparable to that of the standard drug norfloxacin.     

TLC Based Method for Standardization of Pongamia pinnata (Karanj) Using Karanjin as Marker

Pongamia pinnata Linn. (Papilionaceae) seeds have gained great commercial and industrial importance owing to their high oil content. Presently, there is no appropriate TLC based method available for standardization of P. pinnata. A simple, robust and reproducible TLC method for the determination of Karanjin is reported in the seeds of P. pinnata. The method involves separation of components by TLC on pre-coated silica gel G 60 F₂₅₄ plates developed on toluene: ethyl acetate (7:3 v/v) and detection at 260 nm in absorbance mode. The sensitivity of the method was found to be 100 ng. The linearity range was 50–300 ng. Four samples of P. pinnata from different geographical locations were tested for their karanjin content using the developed method. The proposed method was found to be robust, precise, and accurate, it therefore holds potential for detection, monitoring and quantification of karanjin in Pongamia pinnata.