全文获取类型
收费全文 | 12420篇 |
免费 | 404篇 |
国内免费 | 26篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 7610篇 |
晶体学 | 183篇 |
力学 | 329篇 |
数学 | 1113篇 |
物理学 | 3615篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 111篇 |
2022年 | 188篇 |
2021年 | 194篇 |
2020年 | 220篇 |
2019年 | 283篇 |
2018年 | 251篇 |
2017年 | 287篇 |
2016年 | 426篇 |
2015年 | 284篇 |
2014年 | 516篇 |
2013年 | 975篇 |
2012年 | 746篇 |
2011年 | 876篇 |
2010年 | 548篇 |
2009年 | 523篇 |
2008年 | 610篇 |
2007年 | 571篇 |
2006年 | 435篇 |
2005年 | 423篇 |
2004年 | 326篇 |
2003年 | 269篇 |
2002年 | 263篇 |
2001年 | 141篇 |
2000年 | 154篇 |
1999年 | 107篇 |
1998年 | 84篇 |
1997年 | 85篇 |
1996年 | 114篇 |
1995年 | 115篇 |
1994年 | 117篇 |
1993年 | 117篇 |
1992年 | 135篇 |
1991年 | 101篇 |
1990年 | 94篇 |
1989年 | 111篇 |
1988年 | 106篇 |
1987年 | 103篇 |
1986年 | 89篇 |
1985年 | 119篇 |
1984年 | 143篇 |
1983年 | 96篇 |
1982年 | 114篇 |
1981年 | 110篇 |
1980年 | 118篇 |
1979年 | 104篇 |
1978年 | 120篇 |
1977年 | 108篇 |
1976年 | 67篇 |
1975年 | 75篇 |
1974年 | 86篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
111.
Human antibody 2G12 broadly neutralizes human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates and shows protective activity against viral challenge in animal models. Previous mutational analysis suggested that 2G12 recognized a novel cluster of high-mannose type oligosaccharides on HIV-1 gp120. To explore the carbohydrate antigen for HIV-1 vaccine design, we have studied the binding of 2G12 to an array of HIV-1 high-mannose type oligosaccharides by competitive ELISAs and found that Man9GlcNAc is 210- and 74-fold more effective than Man5GlcNAc and Man6GlcNAc in binding to 2G12. The results establish that the larger high-mannose oligosaccharide on HIV-1 is the favorable subunit for 2G12 recognition. To mimic the putative epitope of 2G12, we have created scaffold-based multivalent Man9 clusters and found that the galactose-scaffolded bi-, tri-, and tetra-valent Man9 clusters are 7-, 22-, and 73-fold more effective in binding to 2G12 than the monomeric Man9GlcNAc2Asn. The experimental data shed light on further structural optimization of epitope mimics for developing a carbohydrate-based HIV-1 vaccine. 相似文献
112.
Sayed Ali Naghi Taheri R. Alan Jones Santokh Singh Badesha Majed M. Hania 《Tetrahedron》1989,45(24):7717-7728
3,4-Diformyl-2,5-dimethylpyrrole (1) reacts with ,ω-diamino-alkanes, NH2(CH2)nNH2t' to form either the potentially tautomeric 2:2 macrocyclic adduct (7a) (8), when N = 2, or the potentially tautomeric 1:1 bicyclic adduct (18) (19), when N = 4, 5, 6, and 12. 1H and 13C N.m.r. spectral data indicate that the 2-azafulvene structures predominate for both types of cycloadducts. Only polymeric material was obtained when N = 3. 相似文献
113.
Sham M. Sondhi Shefali Rajvanshi Nirupma Singh Shubhi Jain Anand M. Lahoti 《Central European Journal of Chemistry》2004,2(1):141-187
Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most widely used medicines for relief of pain. These drugs have some side effects,
particularly toxicity in the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. Various approaches have been used for obtaining safer anti-inflammatory
drugs. In this review we have summarized the recent developments in the following areas; (i) mode of action of NSAIDs (ii)
Role of COX-1 & COX-2 in inflammation, (iii) Different approaches used to improve gastric tolerance i.e. chemical manipulation,
formulation & co-administration, development of non specific (COX-1 & COX-2 inhibitors) and specific (COX-2 inhibitors) inflammation
inhibitors, and development of inflammation inhibitors having a mode of action other than COX-1 & COX-2 inhibition. We have
also focused on the safety of COX-2 inhibitors and the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds and their role as inflammation
inhibitors. 相似文献
114.
Devendrapratap U Singh 《Tetrahedron letters》2004,45(24):4805-4807
Fe-exchanged montmorillonite K10 catalyzes a highly efficient reaction between sterically and electronically diverse sulfonamides and carboxylic acid anhydrides to furnish N-acylsulfonamides in excellent yield and high selectivity. The catalyst can also be reused several times. 相似文献
115.
Satwinder Singh 《Tetrahedron letters》2004,45(33):6349-6352
Epoxidation of the allylic alcohols 10 and 11 using the VO(acac)2/t-BuOOH system followed by an intramolecular 5-exo cyclization of the resulting δ-epoxycarbamates 12, 13, 18, and 19 has been shown to provide a general and efficient solution for the asymmetric synthesis of polyhydroxy pyrrolidines. The requisite vicinal amino alcohol functionality was enantio-/regio-selectively installed by the Os-catalyzed asymmetric aminohydroxylation reaction of the designed achiral olefin 6. 相似文献
116.
Rodríguez AD Ramírez C Rodríguez II Barnes CL 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2000,65(5):1390-1398
Four diterpenes and a nor-diterpenoid, all of which possess unusual carbocyclic skeletons, were isolated from the hexane solubles of the West Indian gorgonian Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae. The structures and relative configurations of novel metabolites elisabethin D (2), elisabethin D acetate (3), 3-epi-elisabanolide (5), elisapterosin A (6), and elisapterosin B (7) were elucidated by interpretation of overall spectral data, which included 2D NMR correlation methods, IR, UV, and accurate mass measurements (HREI-MS and HRFAB-MS), chemical reactions, and X-ray diffraction analyses. The tetracyclic carbon skeleton of the elisapterosins is undescribed and constitutes a new class of C(20) rearranged diterpenes. Elisapterosin B displays strong in vitro anti-tuberculosis activity. 相似文献
117.
Chloramine-B has been used as an oxidizing agent in hydrochloric acid medium for the indirect volumetric estimations of hydrogen peroxide, lead dioxide, manganese dioxide, selenium dioxide, sodium formate, sodium sulphide, sodium metavanadate, potassium iodate and copper sulphate using iodine monochloride as a catalyst and pre-oxidiser. Chloroform is used as an indicator. It is coloured pink owing to the liberation of iodine during the titration and becomes light pale yellow at the end-point because of the formation of iodine monochloride. 相似文献
118.
Sodium meta-vanadate has been used as an oxidizing agent in hydrochloric acid medium for the indirect volumetric determination of hydrogen peroxide, lead dioxide, manganese dioxide, selenium dioxide, potassium persulphate, copper sulphate, sodium formate and sodium sulphide using iodine monochloride as a catalyst, pre-oxidizer and an indicator. Chloroform is coloured pink owing to the liberation of iodine during the titration and becomes light pale yellow at the end-point owing to the formation of iodine monochloride. 相似文献
119.
Boris U. Stambuk Mary Ann Franden Arjun Singh Min Zhang 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2003,106(1-3):255-263
The kinetics and regulation of d-xylose uptake were investigated in the efficient pentose fermentor Candida succiphila, and in Kluyveromyces marxianus, which assimilate but do not ferment pentose sugars. Active high-affinity (K
m
∼ 3.8 mM; V
max ∼ 15 nmol/[mg·min]) and putative facilitated diffusion low-affinity (K
m
∼ 140 mM; V
max ∼ 130 nmol/[mg·min]) transport activities were found in C. succiphila grown, respectively, on xylose or glucose. K. marxianus showed facilitated diffusion low-affinity (K
m
∼ 103 mM; V
max ∼ 190 nmol/[mg·min]) transport activity when grown on xylose under microaerobic conditions, and both a low-affinity and an
active high-affinity (K
m
∼ 0.2 mM; V
max ∼ 10 nmol/[mg·min]) transport activity when grown on xylose under fully aerobic conditions. 相似文献
120.
Ram Parkash S. C. Ahluwalia S. C. Sud R. N. Sahni R. C. Paul 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1981,112(6-7):707-711
Heats solution of someLewis acids and bases in acetic anhydride have been determined and the following order of their relative strengths is proposed: SbCl5>SO3>SnCl4>TiCl4>AsCl3 and piperidine>
n-butylamine>potassium acetate>sodium acetate -picoline>quinoline. Heats neutralization of theseLewis acids and bases in acetic anhydride suggest that the major enthalpy change in these neutralization reactions is due to the combination of a proton and the (CH2COOCOCH3)-ion, resulting in the formation of acetic anhydride.
Lösungs- und Neutralisationswärmen von Lewis-Säuren und-Basen in Essigsäureanhydrid
Zusammenfassung Es wurden die Lösungswärmen einigerLewis-Säuren in Essigsäureanhydrid bestimmt und folgende Reihung nach ihrer relativen Stärke vorgeschlagen: SbCl5>SO3>SnCl4>TiCl4>AsCl3 und Piperidin> n-Butylamin>KAc>NaAc-Picolin>Chinolin. Die Neutralisationswärmen dieserLewis-Säuren und-Basen legen nahe, daß der Hauptanteil daran auf die Reaktion eines Protons mit (CH2–COOCOCH3)-zurückzuführen ist.相似文献