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11.
Bhaskar M Gnanamani A Ganeshjeevan RJ Chandrasekar R Sadulla S Radhakrishnan G 《Journal of chromatography. A》2003,1018(1):117-123
Extracellular fluid protein (ECFP) of Streptomyces species SS07 has been used to reduce water soluble azo dyes and the carcinogenic amines released have been compared with that from chemical reduction. The effect of temperature, pH and contact time on the recovery of amines using ECFP was studied. The ECFP releases carcinogenic amines at a pH of 9.2 and a temperature of 37 degrees C for a contact period of 24 h. The reduction products were analyzed with HPLC and their structures confirmed by LC-MS and GC-MS. It was observed that both the ECFP and chemical reduction methods released similar type of amine products. In the case of dye samples, compared to chemical reduction, 5-20% increase in the release of carcinogenic amines by ECFP was observed. The percentage of amine products released by chemical reduction was higher for leather garment samples compared to ECFP treatment. 相似文献
12.
Anionic wormlike micellar fluids that display cloud points: rheology and phase behavior 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We report our investigations into the self-assembly of sodium oleate (NaOA) in the presence of a binding salt (triethylammonium chloride, Et(3)NHCl) simple salt (potassium chloride, KCl). Both salts promote the growth of long, wormlike micelles in NaOA solutions, thereby increasing the fluid viscosity. The significant difference with the Et(3)NHCl salt is that it also modifies the phase behavior of NaOA solutions. Specifically, NaOA/Et(3)NHCl solutions display cloud points upon heating, followed by phase separation into two liquid phases. Such cloud point behavior is rarely observed in ionic surfactant systems, although it is common in nonionic surfactant solutions. Interestingly, while cloud points are not observed with KCl, the addition of KCl to NaOA/Et(3)NHCl solutions further lowers the cloud point temperature. Also, in the case of tetraethylammonium halide salt, neither a cloud point nor an increase in viscosity is observed. The clouding in the case of Et(3)NHCl is attributed to the temperature-induced aggregation of anionic micelles whose surface is covered by bound counterions. 相似文献
13.
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) belong to the popular family of organocatalysts used in a wide range of reactions, including that for the synthesis of complex natural products and biologically active compounds. In their organocatalytic manifestation, NHCs are known to impart umpolung reactivity to aldehydes and ketones, which are then exploited in the generation of homoenolate, acyl anion, and enolate equivalents suitable for a plethora of reactions such as annulation, benzoin, Stetter, Claisen rearrangement, cycloaddition, and C–C and C–H bond functionalization reactions and so on. A common thread that runs through these NHC catalyzed reactions is the proposed involvement of an enaminol, also known as the Breslow intermediate, formed by the nucleophilic addition of an NHC to a carbonyl group of a suitable electrophile. In the emerging years of NHC catalysis, enaminol remained elusive and was largely considered a putative intermediate owing to the difficulties encountered in its isolation and characterization. However, in the last decade, synergistic efforts utilizing an array of computational and experimental techniques have helped in gaining important insights into the formation and characterization of Breslow intermediates. Computational studies have suggested that a direct 1,2-proton transfer within the initial zwitterionic intermediate, generated by the action of an NHC on the carbonyl carbon, is energetically prohibitive and hence the participation of other species capable of promoting an assisted proton transfer is more likely. The proton transfer assisted by additives (such as acids, bases, other species, or even a solvent) was found to ease the kinetics of formation of Breslow intermediates. These important details on the formation, in situ detection, isolation, and characterization of the Breslow intermediate are scattered over a series of reports spanning well over a decade, and we intend to consolidate them in this review and provide a critical assessment of these developments. Given the central role of the Breslow intermediate in organocatalytic reactions, this treatise is expected to serve as a valuable source of knowledge on the same.Molecular insights on the formation, detection, and even isolation of the Breslow intermediate, which is the most important species in N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis, as obtained from experimental and computational studies, are presented. 相似文献
14.
A novel methodology for the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of amino alcohol derivatives from allylalcohols/ethers via intramolecular nucleophilic participation by the sulfilimine moiety is disclosed. The sulfilimine moiety is stereospecifically transformed to a sulfinyl moiety with an inverted configuration. The reaction is general and affords highly functionalised products. 相似文献
15.
Biju Mathew B. Narayana B. Muralidhara Rao C. H. Raghavan Nambiar B. Ramachandra 《Mikrochimica acta》1996,122(3-4):295-299
A simple and accurate complexometric method is proposed for the determination of Tl(III) using semicarbazide hydrochloride as a releasing agent. In the presence of diverse metal ions, thallium is complexed first with a known excess of EDTA, and the surplus EDTA is then titrated with standard zinc sulfate at pH 5.0–6.0 (hexamine) using xylenol orange indicator. An excess of 5% aqueous neutral solution of semicarbazide hydrochloride is then added and the released EDTA is titrated against standard zinc sulfate solution. The method works well in the range 2–50 mg of Tl(III) with relative errors < 0.5%, standard deviations 0.05mg and coefficient of variation 0.4%. The method is applied for the determination of thallium content in complexes and alloy compositions 相似文献
16.
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - The present study provides preliminary data on the involvement of such microorganisms asAspergillus niger in the biodegradation of commercially available... 相似文献
17.
K.N. Raghavan 《代数通讯》2013,41(10):2827-2831
18.
19.
A simple, efficient, regioselective and environmentally safe method for oxybromination of activated aromatics catalyzed by HZSM-5 is reported. The electrophilic substitution of bromine generated from KBr using HZSM-5 as a catalyst and H2O2 as an oxidant. 相似文献
20.
Despite the wide use of 1,2,4,5- tetrazines in biomaterials and materials science, currently there does not exist synthetic method(s) that can yield significant amount of 1,2,4,5- tetrazines without the use of potentially toxic metal catalysts. Here, we report a less energy intensive and more efficient metal catalyst free approach for the synthesis of an asymmetric tetrazine. A range of operating parameters such as extraction pH and temperature were regulated to achieve a practical yield nearly 1.5 times greater than the yields reported in the literature for similar synthetic procedures. 相似文献