Nucleon structure functions from high energy neutrino interactions

Structure functions obtained from high energy neutrino and antineutrino scattering from an iron target are presented. These were extracted from the combined data of Fermilab experiments E616 and E701; these utilized narrow band beam runs between 1979–1982. The structure functions are used to test the validity of quarkparton model (QPM) predictions and to extract the QCD scale parameter Λ from fits to the Altarelli-Parisi equations.     

A measurement of the neutral current electroweak parameters using the fermilab narrow band neutrino beam

We report a measurement of the electroweak parameters sin₂θ ^w and ? based on the ratios of neutral current to charged current events measured in the Fermilab narrow-band neutrino beam at energies of 30–240 GeV. The data are fully corrected for radiative effects, heavy-quark production, and other effects. The best value for sin₂θ ^w obtained, sin₂θ ^w =0.239±0.011, is consistent with the most recent values fromW andZ production, as well as from other neutrino experiments.     

Thermal boundary condition effects on heat transfer in turbulent rough-wall boundary layers

Measurements and predictions are presented which investigate the effects of thermal boundary condition on heat transfer in the turbulent rough-wall boundary layer. Stanton number measurements are reported for the turbulent flow of air over rough plates with a variety of thermal boundary conditions on two separate rough surfaces. The cases considered are constant wall temperature, constant wall heat flux, step wall temperature, and piecewise linear wall temperature distributions. These measurements and data from other sources are compared with predictions using finite difference solutions of the discrete element roughness model and with superposition solutions. The predictions and the measurements are in good to excellent agreement.In dieser Arbeit werden Messungen und Berechnungen gezeigt, die den Einfluß der thermischen Randbedingungen auf die Wärmeübertragung in turbulenten Grenzschichten an rauhen Wänden untersuchen. Es werden Messungen der Stanton Zahl für turbulente Luftströmung über rauhe Platten an zwei separaten Oberflächen unter einer Reihe von thermischen Randbedingungen dargestellt. Die betrachteten Fälle sind konstante Wandtemperatur, konstanter Wärmestrom durch die Wand, abgestufte Wandtemperatur und stückweise konstante Wandtemperatur. Diese Messungen, sowie Daten anderer Untersuchungen, werden mit Berechnungen durch Finite-Differenzen Lösungen des Diskrete-Elemente-Rauhheits-Modells und Superpositionslösungen verglichen. Berechnungen und Messungen liegen in guter bis ausgezeichneter Übereinstimmung.     

Simultaneous determination of estrogenic and androgenic hormones in water by isotope dilution gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A rapid gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analytical method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of 7 estrogenic hormones (17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol, estrone, mestranol, 17α-ethynylestradiol, levonorgestrel, estriol) and 5 androgenic hormones (testosterone, androsterone, etiocholanolone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione) in aqueous matrices. This method is unique in its inclusion of all 12 of these estrogens and androgens and is of particular value due to its very short chromatographic run time of 15 min. The use of isotope dilution for all analytes ensures the accurate quantification, accounting for analytical variabilities that may be introduced during sample processing and instrumental analysis. Direct isotopically labelled analogues were used for 8 of the 12 hormones and satisfactory isotope standards were identified for the remaining 4 hormones. Method detection levels (MDLs) were determined to describe analyte concentrations sufficient to provide a signal with 99% certainty of detection. The established MDLs for most analytes were 1-5 ngL(-1) in a variety of aqueous matrices. However, slightly higher MDLs were observed for etiocholanolone, androstenedione, testosterone, levonorgestrel and dihydrotestosterone in some aqueous matrices. Sample matrices were observed to have only a minor impact on MDLs and the method validation confirmed satisfactory method stability over intra-day and inter-day analyses of surface water and tertiary treated effluent samples.     

The HGF-met signaling axis: emerging themes and targets of inhibition

The Met tyrosine kinase receptor is the only known receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Downstream Met signaling is essential for embryonic development; however, aberrant Met signaling promotes tumor progression by facilitating cell proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Tumor cell invasion is considered an important step in distant metastatic foci formation. Several recent reviews have focused on the pleiotropic effects of Met signaling in both tumor cells and in the surrounding stromal cells. This review will summarize the currently described mechanisms driving Met induced tumor cell progression and invasion, the role played by cells in the tumor stroma, and therapeutic approaches to block receptor activity. In addition, this review will also highlight two new areas of development: 1) attenuation of Met signaling via multiple mechanisms of action targeting tumor cells and cells in the surrounding stroma using plant-derived polyphenols and 2) the induction by HGF of atypical lysosome trafficking, leading to increased protease secretion and tumor cell invasion. These new areas of research will help to uncover novel therapeutic targets to block the HGF/Met signaling axis to slow cancer progression.     

An Improved Method for Site‐Specific End Modification of Zeolite L for the Formation of Zeolite L and Gold Nanoparticle Self‐Assembled Structures

The ability to site‐selectively modify micro‐ and nanosized particles has allowed for directed self‐assembly in two and three dimensions. Site‐selective modification of particles can be a complicated task requiring the pre‐organization of particles or enhanced particle fabrication methods. The aluminum silicate, zeolite L has been reported to undergo site‐specific modification at the zeolite channel entrances, post‐fabrication in a solution‐based method. The process by which the channel entrances are site selectively modified is explored here. The preliminary step of charging the zeolite channels with aqueous acid allows for catalysis of covalent bond formation at the channel entrances. Three new end‐specific modification reagents are described based on silanol and silyl ether functional groups. These reagents are purified by column chromatography and characterized by¹H NMR spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS); they provide for reliable end modification of zeolites L. Preferential reactivity at the channel entrances is also observed. The utility of the approach is demonstrated by modifying zeolite L with adamantane at the channel entrances. Site‐specific self‐assembly with β‐cyclodextrin coated gold nanoparticles can be triggered with a chemical stimulus. The resulting multivalent host‐guest interactions give gold clustered nanoparticles at the ends of the micrometer‐sized zeolites.     

Increasing the RF energy per pulse of an RKO

The Air Force Research Laboratory RKO source has recently demonstrated the ability to convert electron beam power to RF power until the termination of the electron beam pulse, achieving a power of 1.5 GW at an energy of 170 J. These results represent an increase in power of 25-30% in power and energy extracted from this source. This paper discusses the principal research areas encountered in lengthening the RF pulse (FWHM) from 50 ns to the present 120 ns and the associated increase in the RF energy