Structure, reactivity and aromaticity of acenes and their BN analogues: a density functional and electrostatic investigation

Density functional calculations have been carried out on a series of linearly annelated acenes and their BN analogues. Even though borazine shows aromatic and reactivity behavior parallel with that of benzene, its condensed derivatives show patterns different from those of their hydrocarbon analogues. Nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) values in acenes suggest that the aromaticity of the inner rings is more than that of benzene, whereas in BN-acenes there is no substantial change in the aromaticity of the individual rings. Molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) is employed to obtain further insights into the bonding and reactivity trends for these systems. The MESP topography patterns of acenes and BN-acenes are substantially different, with BN-acenes showing more localized pi electron features compared to those of acenes. The MESP values at the critical points (CPs) indicate overall lowering of aromaticity in these annelated systems. However, this change is gradual among the BN-acenes.     

Synthesis of phthalide derivatives using nickel-catalyzed cyclization of o-haloesters with aldehydes

The reaction of o-bromobenzoate (1 b) with benzaldehyde (2 a) in the presence of [NiBr(2)(dppe)] (dppe=1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) and zinc powder in THF (24 hours, reflux temperature), afforded 3-phenyl-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one (3 a) in an 86 % yield. Similarly, o-iodobenzoate reacts with 2 a to give 3 a, but in a lower yield (50 %). A series of substituted aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes (2 b, 4-MeC(6)H(4)CHO; 2 c, 4-MeOC(6)H(4)CHO; 2 d, 3-MeOC(6)H(4)CHO; 2 e, 2-MeOC(6)H(4)CHO; 2 f, 4-CNC(6)H(4)CHO; 2 g, 4-(Me)(3)CC(6)H(4)CHO; 2 h, 4-C(6)H(5)C(6)H(4)CHO; 2 i, 4-ClC(6)H(4)CHO; 2 j, 4-CF(3)C(6)H(4)CHO; 2 k, CH(3)(CH(2))(5)CHO; 2 l, CH(3)(CH(2))(2)CHO) also underwent cyclization with o-bromobenzoate (1 b) producing the corresponding phthalide derivatives in moderate to excellent yields and with high chemoselectivity. Like 1 b, methyl 2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzoate (1 c) reacts with tolualdehyde (2 b) to give the corresponding substituted phthalide 3 m in a 71 % yield. The methodology can be further applied to the synthesis of six-membered lactones. The reaction of methyl 2-(2-bromophenyl)acetate (1 d) with benzaldehyde under similar reaction conditions afforded six-membered lactone 3 o in a 68 % yield. A possible catalytic mechanism for this cyclization is also proposed.     

Molybdenum complexes of bioinorganic interest. New dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes of schiff bases derived from salicylaldehydes and salicylhydrazide

Summary New dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes MoO₂L · H₂O (LH₂=Schiff base) derived from Salicylhydrazide and salicylaldehyde, 5-chloro-, 5-bromo-, 5-nitro-, 3-methoxy, 3-ethoxy-, 3,5-dichlorosalicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde have been synthesized and characterized, together with the MoO₂L · THF adducts. The complexes are monomers, nonelectrolytes and diamagnetic, and contain acis O=Mo=O     

Chloride, -Hydride and -Borohydride Derivatives of Difluorenyl Thallium(III)

Chloride¹), borohydrides²) and hydrides³) of dicyclopentadienyl thallium (III) and diindenyl thallium (III) have already been reported. The present communication deals with a study on the preparation and characterization of difluorenyl thallium (III) chloride, -hydride and -borohydride.     

Cu-nanoparticles: a chemoselective catalyst for the aza-Michael reactions of N-alkyl- and N-arylpiperazines with acrylonitrile

A novel method for effecting the aza-Michael reactions of N-alkyl- and N-arylpiperazines with acrylonitrile using Cu-nanoparticles is described. The method features the use of 10 mol % Cu (14-17 nm) nanoparticles under mild reaction conditions to afford the addition products in good to excellent yields. The Cu-nanoparticles selectively catalysed the aza-Michael reaction of N-alkyl- and N-arylpiperazines in the presence of aromatic amino or aliphatic hydroxy groups.     

Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed alkylation of indoles with propargyl alcohols: an expeditious synthesis of 3-substituted indoles

Indoles undergo smooth alkylation with propargylic alcohols in the presence of 10 mol % of scandium triflate under mild conditions to produce 3-propargylated indoles in excellent yields with high selectivity.     

Facile reduction of aromatic nitro/azido functionality on solid support employing Al/NiCl2·6H2O and Al/NH4Cl: synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines

An efficient and mild method for the reduction of aromatic nitro and azido groups on solid support using Al/NiCl₂·6H₂O and Al/NH₄Cl is described. This solid phase reduction technique has been applied towards the synthesis of DNA binding pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine antitumour antibiotics.     

Redox reactions in nonaqueous media : Determination of organoisothiocyanates and organoisocyanates

A simple and accurate method has been developed for the determination of organoisothiocyanates and organoisocyanates based on their quantitative reaction with n-butylamine in dimethylformamide medium to form substituted thioureas and ureas, respectively. The solution is mixed with 6 to 7 times its volume of acetonitrile and an excess of carbon disulphide, which converts the residual amine quantitatively into the corresponding n-butylammonium n-butyl dithiocarbamate. The determination is completed by titrating the resulting dithiocarbamate with iodine monobromide solution in acetonitrile. The end point is detected visually by the yellow color imparted to the solution by the first drop of oxidant solution in excess. The dithiocarbamates are quantitatively oxidized to the corresponding thiuram disulphides.     

Spin crossover studies in cationic complexes of iron by using Mössbauer spectroscopy

The spin transitions in two new cationic complexes of iron, i. e., iron bipyridine formate, [Fe/bipy/₃]/HCOO/₂. 5/HCOOH/ and iron bipyridine tetrafluoro borate, [Fe/bipy/₃]/BF₄/₂. 2H₂O have been studied by using Mössbauer spectroscopy. From quadrupole splitting values, at different temperatures, it has been established that both the complexes show the coexistence of both the high spin state and the low spin state at 300 K while complete transformation to low spin state occurs at 77 K. Both compounds were prepared by electrochemical technique.     

2-(2-Selenocyanic acid ethyl ester)-1H-benz[de] isoquinoline-1,3-(2H)-dione, synthesis photophysics and interaction with bovine serum albumin: a spectroscopic approach

The compound 2-(2-selenocyanic acid ethyl ester)-1H-benz[de] isoquinoline-1,3-(2H)-dione (SEBID), a ubiquitous, bioactive naphthalimide derivative is expected to possess an anticancer, anti-tumor and other important therapeutic activities of significant potency with low systematic toxicity. In this paper, the synthesis of the compound, photophysics of the newly prepared naphthalimide derivative and its interaction with model transport protein Bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been reported using the absorption and steady state fluorescence spectroscopic techniques exploiting the intrinsic fluorescence emission properties of BSA as a probe. Interaction of this organoselenium compound in different dioxane-water mixtures with increase in the polarity of the medium has been studied spectroscopically. Interaction of SEBID with BSA leads to a dramatic decrease in the fluorescence intensity of BSA, which suggests the binding of SEBID with the tryptophan residue of BSA. Furthermore, different thermodynamic parameters for SEBID-BSA interaction have been calculated. Rationalization of the data has been attempted, particularly in relation to prospective applications in the biomedical research.