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31.
B. Niczyporuk Z. Jakubowski T. Zełudziewicz G. Folger B. Lurz H. Vogel U. Volland H. Wegener J. K. Bienlein R. Graumann H. -J. Trost M. Schmitz F. H. Heimlich R. Nernst A. Schwarz U. Strohbusch P. Zschorsch K. W. Chen A. C. König D. J. Schotanus M. Coles A. Engler R. W. Kraemer D. Marlow F. Messing C. Rippich S. Youssef A. Fridman G. Alexander A. Av-Shalom G. Bella J. Grunhaus W. Langguth M. Scheer LENA Collaboration 《Zeitschrift fur Physik C Particles and Fields》1983,17(3):197-202
A search for the decays γ→ρπ, γ→J/ψX and γ→γa (whereX is undetermined and a is an axion) has been completed using the LENA detector at the DORIS storage ring. No evidence for any of these processes was found. For these decay modes we set branching fraction upper limits (90% C.L.) of 2.1×10?3, 2.0×10?2 and 9.1×10?4, respectively. 相似文献
32.
We report new photomechanical effects in the ferroelectric liquid crystal SCE13 doped with a photoisomerizing guest azo dye. Low concentrations of dye (∼5 per cent wt:wt) are shown to cause an isothermal, reversible disruption of smectic phases when the system is illuminated with low power density (∼ 1 mW cm-2) UV light. In the case of a sample initially in the S*c phase, this results in a fall in the magnitude of spontaneous electrical polarization (Ps) and changes in electro-optic switching characteristics. If the sample is illuminated in the SA phase, the electroclinic switching decreases. In contrast to this, when systems containing higher concentrations of dye (≥ 10 per cent wt: wt) are UV illuminated in the SA phase, a reversible, isothermal transition to a biphasic S*c/isotropic state occurs. In this case, the Ps is seen to rise from zero in the SA phase to a finite value(∼2 nC cm-2) in the biphasic mixture and hysteresis occurs in the electro-optic switching. When these higher dye concentration mixtures are held initially in the S*c phase and UV illuminated, a more complicated variation of Ps occurs with the sample again undergoing a transition to a biphasic S*c/isotropic state. Possible mechanisms for the transition are discussed. 相似文献
33.
34.
Bo Li Patrick Coles Jeffrey A. Reimer Philip Dawson Carlos A. Meriles 《Solid State Communications》2010,150(9-10):450-453
We report the use of time-resolved Faraday rotation to induce and probe the polarization of nuclear spins within a set of quantum wells with varying background electron density. The electron density was controlled over a broad range by making use of structures of mixed type-I/type-II GaAs/AlAs quantum wells that spatially separate photoexcited electron–hole pairs. We find that the optically detected nuclear magnetic field decreases quasi-monotonically with increasing electron density. The likely factors responsible for this behavior are increased electron spin-lattice relaxation, increased electron spin delocalization, and dilution of the electron spin polarization. 相似文献
35.
The pretransitional behaviour of a homologous series of mesomorphic compounds, the alkyl cyanobiphenyls (CNρρC n H 2n + 1) for n = 5–12, has been studied as a function of temperature by light scattering in the isotropic phase. The higher homologues, n = 8–12, exhibit a smectic A phase that becomes increasingly important at the expense of the nematic phase for increasing n and for n = 10 and 12 no nematic phase is observed. We have shown from light scattering and differential scanning calorimetry measurements that the presence of the smectic A phase changes markedly the pretransitional behaviour, and gives rise to two distinct pretransitional regions. The first region is for temperatures greater than ~3°C above the clearing temperature Tc where the systems exhibit a typical pretransitional behaviour adequately described by the phenomenological Landau-de Gennes model of a second order phase transition with an intervering first order transition at Tc . The constants of this model for this region are given and show a distinct odd-even effect. The second region is close to Tc where a strong divergence from the already critical behaviour is observed. This secondary divergence is observed to be a function of the alkyl chain length and its conformation, and is attributed to coupling between smectic A like layers and the orientational order parameter in the isotropic phase. 相似文献
36.
S. P. Perkins D. E. Shoosmith H. J. Coles 《Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals》2013,570(1):943-950
Abstract In this paper we present the results of mixing fluorinated and non-fluorinated organosiloxane materials based on ferroelectric and antiferroelectric low molar mass organosiloxane (LMMO) liquid crystals. None of the fluorinated materials exhibit a mesophase, however when mixed with the non-fluorinated analogues a ferroelectric phase is observed. We present the resultant phase diagrams together with the spontaneous polarisation curves of the mixtures. 相似文献
37.
Cecile Schott Steven P. Perkins Harry J. Coles 《Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals》2013,570(1):715-724
Abstract In a chiral nematic liquid crystal, the flexoelectric effect consists of a fast and linear coupling with an applied electric field. One difficulty to overcome is the unwinding of the helix that occurs at higher fields due to dielectric coupling. The use of bimesogens, which possess very low molecular dielectric anisotropy can improve flexoelectric characteristics. New bimesogen compounds have recently been synthesised that exhibit switching angles of 45° for applied fields of about 9 V.μm?1. In this paper, results from dielectric, electro-optic and dynamic light scattering measurements are reported for the new bimesogenic mixture. The dielectric anisotropy Δε changes sign with temperature and its values range between -0.2 and 0.3 for the temperature range studied. For Δε weakly positive, no electric field Freedericksz transition could be induced but Williams domains are observed instead. The large decrease in the bend elastic constant to viscosity coefficient ratio is attributed to a large increase in the bend viscosity coefficient. 相似文献
38.
Ryan J. Schwamm Mathew D. Anker Matthias Lein Martyn P. Coles 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(5):1503-1507
The potassium aluminyl complex K[Al(NONAr)] (NON=NONAr=[O(SiMe2NAr)2]2?, Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) reacts with 1,3,5,7‐cyclooctatetraene (COT) to give K[Al(NONAr)(COT)]. The COT‐ligand is present in the asymmetric unit as a planar μ2‐η2:η8‐bridge between Al and K, with additional K???π‐aryl interactions to neighboring molecules that generate a helical chain. DFT calculations indicate significant aromatic character, consistent with reduction to [COT]2?. Addition of 18‐crown‐6 causes a rearrangement of the C8‐carbocycle to form the isomeric 9‐aluminabicyclo[4.2.1]nona‐2,4,7‐triene anion. 相似文献
39.
Ryan J. Schwamm Dr. Mathew D. Anker Dr. Matthias Lein Dr. Martyn P. Coles Dr. Christopher M. Fitchett 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(20):5885-5887
Reduction of the indate complex In(NONAr)(μ‐Cl)2Li(OEt2)2 (NONAr=[O(SiMe2NAr)2]2?; Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) with sodium generates the InII diindane species [In(NONAr)]2. Further reduction with a mixture of potassium and [2.2.2]crypt affords the InI N‐heterocyclic indyl anion [In(NONAr)]?, which crystallizes with a non‐contacted [K([2.2.2]crypt)]+ cation. The indyl anion can also be isolated as the indyllithium compound In(NONAr)(Li{THF}3), which contains an In?Li bond. Density functional theory calculations show that the HOMO of the indyl anion is a metal‐centred lone pair, and preliminary reactivity studies confirm its nucleophilic behaviour. 相似文献
40.
Maulik N. Mungalpara Jingjing Wang Martyn P. Coles Paul G. Plieger Gareth J. Rowlands 《Tetrahedron》2018,74(38):5519-5527
A planar chiral secondary phosphine oxide based on [2.2]paracyclophane was synthesized and its chemistry investigated; it was shown to be a competent pre-ligand in palladium(0)-mediated reactions, and displayed promising activity in gold(I)-catalysed cyclisations. The secondary phosphine oxide could be transformed into a collection of P-stereogenic tertiary phosphine oxides. These are rare examples of the planar chirality of [2.2]paracyclophane being combined with a P-stereogenic centre. Unfortunately, epimerisation of the phosphorus stereocentre during reduction limits the use of this chemistry. 相似文献