Optically pumped NH3 laser using a continuously tunable CO2 laser

The use of a continuously tunable CO₂ laser to optically pump the NH₃ laser via previously inaccessible absorption lines is described. Efficient laser action has thus been achieved in the 11–13 μm region on transitions formerly only obtained in buffered mixtures.     

Moth-eye-structured light-emitting diodes

InGaAlP/GaAs red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with a sub-wavelength moth-eye structure at the output surface were demonstrated. A high-resolution polydimethylsiloxane (h-PDMS) casting material was used for the fabrication of the moth-eye structure from polymer template which was fabricated by hot embossing. The h-PDMS mold was subsequently used to transfer the nanostructure on the output surface of the LED by soft embossing. We succeeded in forming a close packed hexagonal array of hemispheres with 300 nm pitch, and 128 nm depth. With 10 mA driving current, the corresponding efficiency (cd/A) of moth-eye-structured light-emitting diodes was enhanced by 36% compared with those of non-patterned LEDs. The experimental results are in agreement with the results of a theoretical analysis of the effect of the moth-eye structure.     

Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the A'(1)Pi-X(1)Sigma(+) System of CaO

The A'(1)Pi-X(1)Sigma(+) near-infrared system of CaO was observed for the first time at high resolution using a Fourier transform spectrometer. The A'(1)Pi-X(1)Sigma(+) chemiluminescence was excited in a Ca + N(2)O flame produced in a Broida-type oven. More than 3000 rotational lines, classified into 19 bands involving the A'(1)Pi 0 /= 2) levels with the nearby b(3)Sigma(+) (v-2) levels has been detected. An extended set of A'(1)Pi (v = 0-3) data has been obtained which is suitable for use in a future multistate deperturbation analysis of the a(3)Pi approximately A'(1)Pi approximately b(3)Sigma(+) approximately A(1)Sigma(+) complex of excited states. The new near-infrared spectra of the A'(1)Pi-X(1)Sigma(+) transition of CaO also permits the first direct high-resolution linkage between the orange and green systems and the near-infrared bands. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

Internal kink instability during off-axis electron cyclotron current drive in the DIII-D tokamak

Experimental evidence is reported of an internal kink instability driven by a new mechanism: barely trapped suprathermal electrons produced by off-axis electron cyclotron heating on the DIII-D tokamak. It occurs in plasmas with an evolving safety factor profile q(r) when q(min) approaches 1. This instability is most active when ECCD is applied on the high field side of the flux surface. It has a bursting behavior with poloidal/toroidal mode number = m/n = 1/1. In positive magnetic shear plasmas, this mode becomes the fishbone instability. This observation can be qualitatively explained by the drift reversal of the barely trapped suprathermal electrons.     

Apparent spin polarization decay in Cu-dusted Co/Al2O3/Co tunnel junctions

Co/Al2O3/Co magnetic tunnel junctions with an interfacial Cu layer have been investigated with in situ growth characterization and ex situ magnetotransport measurements. Cu interlayers grown on Co give an approximately exponential decay of the tunneling magnetoresistance with xi approximately 0.26 nm while those grown on Al2O3 have a decay length of 0.70 nm. The difference in decay lengths can be explained by different growth morphologies, and in this way clarifies a present disagreement in the literature. For monolayer coverage of Cu, we show that the tunneling spin polarization is suppressed by at least a factor of 2 compared to Co and beyond approximately 5 ML it becomes vanishingly small.     

Redox reactions involving molybdenum,tungsten and uranium hexafluorides in acetonitrile

The redox properties of molybdenum, tungsten and uranium hexafluorides in acetonitrile at 298 K have been compared with other redox couples using cyclic voltammetry, and by carrying out appropriate redox reactions under carefully controlled conditions. The order of oxidizing ability established is UF₆ > MoF₆ > NO⁺¹ > solvated Cu²⁺ ? WF₆. The position of the solvated Tl³⁺ cation probably lies between MoF₆ and Cu²⁺ Reactions which occur in the Cu metal/solvated Cuⁿ⁺ (n = 1 or 2)/WF₆ system are accounted for by redox and fluoride-ion-transfer equilibria.     

Reduction of the copper(II) cation in acetonitrile by trimethyl phosphite. Evidence for an intermediate copper(II) complex

Reduction of the solvated copper(II) cation by trimethyl phosphite in acetonitrile occurs via a short-lived purple intermediate believed to be a copper(II)-phosphite complex.     

Improved Parameterization for Combined Isotopomer Analysis of Diatomic Spectra and Its Application to HF and DF

A new way of representing vibration-rotation term values for multiple isotopomers of a given electronic state of a diatomic molecule is presented which resolves problems associated with the way the conventional combined isotopomer expansion represents the atomic mass-dependent JWKB and Born-Oppenheimer breakdown correction terms. Its application to infrared and microwave data for HF and DF yields new Dunham expansion coefficients and Born-Oppenheimer breakdown correction terms for this species. This procedure is implemented in a generally available computer program for fitting to various types of data involving one or several electronic states of multiple isotopomers of a diatomic molecule. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.