The Gor'kov and Melik-Barkhudarov Correction to the Mean-Field Critical Field Transition to Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinnikov States

The Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinnikov (FFLO) states, characterized by Cooper pairs condensed at finite-momentum are, at the same time, exotic and elusive. It is partially due to the fact that the FFLO states allow superconductivity to survive even in strong magnetic fields at the mean-field level. The effects of induced interactions at zero temperature are calculated in both clean and dirty cases, and it is found that the critical field at which the quantum phase transition to an FFLO state occurs at the mean-field level is strongly suppressed in imbalanced Fermi gases. This strongly shrinks the phase space region where the FFLO state is unstable and more exotic ground state is to be found. In the presence of high level impurities, this shrinkage may destroy the FFLO state completely.     

Reversible modulation in luminescence intensity of a single vesicle composed of diblock azo-copolymer and tris(dibenzoylmethanate)(phenanthroline)europium(III)

Tris(dibenzoylmethanate)(phenanthroline)europium(III)[Eu(DBM)(3)Phen]-doped amphiphilic vesicles were obtained by self-assembling of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly[6-[4-(4-methylphenyl-azo) phenoxy] hexylacrylate] (PNIPAM(83)-b-PAzoM(20)) in presence of Eu(DBM)(3)Phen in the mixed solvent of THF/H(2)O (50/50 vol.%). Their optical properties were studied by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. The UV-vis spectrum showed that the electronic transition bands of azobenzene and Eu(DBM)(3)Phen were overlapped at about 365 nm and the main peak of fluorescence emission band appeared at 612 nm. So the vesicles showed obvious red luminescence. It was found that the fluorescence intensity of a single Eu(DBM)(3)Phen-doped vesicle could be modulated by irradiation with UV and visible light due to the reversible trans-cis-trans photoisomerization reaction of azobenzene moiety. Possible energy allocation process for this property was discussed in details.     

Assembly dynamics and detailed structure of 1-propanethiol monolayers on Au(111) surfaces observed real time by in situ STM

1-Propanethiol is chosen as a model alkanethiol to probe detailed mechanisms of the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formation at aqueous/Au(111) interfaces. The assembly processes, including initial physi- and chemisorption, pit formation, and domain growth, were recorded into movies in real-time with high resolution by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) under potential control. Two major adsorption steps were disclosed in the propanethiol SAM formation. The first step involves weak interactions accompanied by the lift of the Au(111) surface reconstruction, which depends reversibly on the electrochemical potentials. The second step is chemisorption to form a dense monolayer, accompanied by formation of pits as well as structural changes in the terrace edges. Pits emerged at the stage of the reconstruction lift and increased to a maximum surface coverage of 4.0 +/- 0.4% at the completion of the SAM formation. Well-defined triangular pits in the SAM were found on the large terraces (more than 300 nm wide), whereas few and small pinholes appeared at the terrace edge areas. Smooth edges were converted into saw-like structural features during the SAM formation, primarily along the Au(111) atomic rows. These observations suggest that shrinking and rearrangement of gold atoms are responsible for both formation of the pits and the shape changes of the terrace edges. STM images disclose a (2 square root 3 x 3)R30 degrees periodic lattice within the ordered domains. Along with electrochemical measurements, each lattice unit is assigned to contain four propanethiol molecules exhibiting different electronic contrasts, which might originate in different surface orientations of the adsorbed molecules.     

Thermo-induced formation of physical "cross-linking points" of PNIPAM-g-PEO in semidilute aqueous solutions

Linear poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) chains grafted with short poly(ethylene oxide) chains (PNIPAM-g-PEO) were prepared by free radical copolymerization of NIPAM and PEO macromonomers (M(w) = 5000 g/mol) end-capped with methacrylate in water. Temperature effects on the solution viscosity of thermally sensitive copolymer were studied in different aqueous concentrations. A specific transition was observed during the measurement of the reduced viscosities of PNIPAM-g-PEO copolymer at a certain concentration (C0) in semidilute aqueous solutions: the reduced viscosities increased sharply (namely, thermothickening behavior) at LCST when concentrations were higher than C0, or decreased sharply at LCST when concentrations lower than C0. A plateau was also found near C0 when temperature was closing to LCST from low temperature, showing there is no change in reduced viscosity under this circumstance. The inverse increase of the viscosities at higher temperatures in higher concentration (> approximately 3 g/L) is attributed to the forming of physical "cross-linking points" composed of collapsed PNIPAM core and expanded PEO shell. The sharp decrease of the viscosities at higher temperatures in lower concentration (< approximately 3 g/L) is attributed to the forming of independent globules. The plateau could be attributed to the equilibrium competition between forming of physical "cross-linking points" and independent globules depending on the copolymer solution concentrations.     

Characterization of spectroscopic of Pr(DBM)3(TPPO)2 containing poly(methyl methacrylate)

The absorption and fluorescence spectra of Pr(DBM)3(TPPO)2 (DBM: dibenzoylmethane, TPPO: triphenylphosphine oxide) containing poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were measured. The energy levels are assigned and analyzed in terms of the free-ion Hamiltonian model. From the data available in the absorption spectrum, various spectroscopic parameters such as the spherically symmetric part of the free-ion Hamiltonian (E(AVG)), Slater-Condon (F2, F4, F6), spin-orbit interaction (zeta), Judd-Ofelt (omega2, omega4, omega6) parameters and the reduced matrix elements are derived. The radiative properties of Pr(DBM)3(TPPO)2 containing PMMA were also predicted according to the Judd-Ofelt theory. The values of the fluorescence branching ratio and the emission cross section of 3P0 --> 3F2 fluorescence transition revealed that Pr(DBM)3(TPPO)2 containing PMMA is an efficient luminescent material.     

High luminescence quantum yields and long luminescence lifetime from Eu(III) complex containing two crystal water based on a new beta-diketonate ligand

New members of family of Eu(III) complex based on the thenoylacetophenone have been synthesized and characterized. The compounds were found for high metal luminescence quantum yields and long luminescence lifetime, especially for compound with two crystal water, corresponding with other compounds containing two crystal water. The result is attributed to high molar absorption coefficients of the Eu(III) complex according to UV-vis and emission spectra. The high molar absorption coefficients balance quenching effect from OH oscillators of water contained in compound.     

Surface microscopic structure and electrochemical rectification of a branched alkanethiol self-assembled monolayer

The tert-butanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(111) surfaces were prepared from various solvents and investigated by a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and electrochemistry in aqueous environments. High-resolution STM images reveal a (radical(7) x radical(7))R19 degrees surface lattice structure, in contrast with the conventional lattice (radical(3) x radical(3))R30 degrees structure for straight-chain alkanethiol SAMs. Interestingly, such a branched monolayer shows electrochemical rectification toward redox probes. We suggest that electrochemical rectification could be a general characteristic of short-chain branched alkanthiol SAMs, and originate in localized electronic effects.     

Voltammetric behavior of vitamin B(2) on the gold electrode modified with a self-assembled monolayer of l-cysteine and its application for the determination of vitamin B(2) using linear sweep stripping voltammetry

The voltammetric behavior of Vitamin B(2) (VB(2)) has been studied at the gold electrode modified with a self-assembled monolayer of l-cysteine. The voltammetric responses are evaluated with respect experimental conditions, such as composition and pH of the supporting electrolyte, concentration of VB(2), accumulation potential and accumulation time. On basis of the voltammetric behavior a highly sensitive method is present for the determination of VB(2) by using linear sweep stripping volammetry. The method is suitable for the determination of VB(2) concentrations between 5.0x10(-11) and 5.0x10(-6) mol l(-1). And the detection limit can be reached to 2.5x10(-11) mol l(-1). The method is applied to determine the concentration of VB(2) in the tablets with satisfactory results.     

Voltammetric determination of mercury (II) in aqueous media using glassy carbon electrodes modified with novel calix[4]arene

A novel calix[4]arene derivative containing benzothiazole group was coated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and then applied to the recognition of mercury ion. Cyclic and square wave voltammetric results showed that the modified electrode selectively recognizes Hg²⁺ ion in aqueous media. A new anodic stripping peak at −0.3 V (vs. Ag/Ag⁺) can be obtained by scanning the potential from −0.6 to 0.6 V, and the peak currents are proportional to the Hg²⁺ concentration. The modified electrode in a 0.1 M H₂SO₄+0.01 M NaCl solution shows linear voltammetric response in the range of 25-300 μg l⁻¹ and detection limit of 5 μg l⁻¹ (ca. 2.5×10⁻⁸ M). This modified GCE does not present any significant interference from alkali, alkaline and transition metal ions except for Pb²⁺, Ag⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions. Only 500, 50 and 100-fold molar excess of Pb²⁺, Ag⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions, respectively, can lead to voltammetric response comparable with that of Hg²⁺. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine mercury in natural water.     

一个计算次甲基质子NMR化学位移的经验式

本文提出了一个计算次甲基质子NMR化学位移的经验式δ_CHXYZ=δ_(CH3)2CHZ+△_xy主要用来计算那些Bell、Bowles和Senese关系式不适用的、含有无去屏蔽作用的次甲基质子体系中次甲基质子的化学位移。