延长速调管使用寿命的方法

描述了一种延长EPR波谱仪中速调管使用寿命的方法.根据这种方法,只要正确地调谐微波桥的工作状态和适当地调整功率电平器的功率校正电平.即使对于已经严重老化的速调管仍然可以继续使用一段时间,维持仪器的正常运行.     

融雪期积雪深度高光谱反演方法研究

积雪在干旱区的水分平衡中发挥着极为重要的作用,积雪深度的监测主要依靠地面站点观测和遥感反演等技术,高光谱遥感为快速、大面积监测积雪的物理特性提供了可能。通过对融雪期不同厚度积雪表面的反射光谱以及积雪深度数据的观测,进而对二者进行相关性分析;采用相关性较高同时也是特征吸收谷的波段数据建立单波段雪深回归模型;采用呈显著相关的波段进行逐步回归,选用贡献率最高的波段作为神经网络模型的输入变量进行积雪深度的反演研究。结果表明：在天山北坡中段的军塘湖流域地区,1 022,1 241和1 492 nm附近是积雪的特征吸收谷;相比单波段反演雪深模型的估算精度(R2=0.53),BP神经网络模型具有更高的雪深反演水平,当隐含层节点数为4时,R2为0.86,RMSE为0.67,表明神经网络模型可以显著提高高光谱数据反演积雪深度的能力。     

场发射冷阴极微栅孔阵列制备技术

实现了一种采用聚苯乙烯纳米球自组装技术和微机械制造技术加工的场发射阴极用亚微米栅极微孔阵列。设计了一套完整的工艺实验方案,首先采用微球自组装技术获得了亚微米级金属网孔掩膜,然后通过反应离子刻蚀技术获得了亚微米栅极孔阵列,从而实现了集成度高、分布均匀的周期性亚微米孔洞阵列的制备,微孔集成度达到108cm-2。实验研究了氧气刻蚀聚苯乙烯微球的规律。采用金属掩膜,四氟化碳干法刻蚀二氧化硅,获得了深度为500 nm的微孔。实验结果证明该工艺方案是一种获得大面积、均匀分布、集成度高的场发射冷阴极栅孔阵列的有效方法。     

中药重楼及其伪品开口箭的FTIR分析与鉴别

本文采用傅里叶变换红外光谱方法(FTIR)对中药材重楼及其伪品开口箭的红外光谱进行了测试及对比分析。研究表明,重楼和开口箭各自有其独特的红外光谱特征,二者各自所包含的红外吸收峰的峰位明显不同,二者的红外光谱的峰形整体上有非常明显的区别,特别是在1650cm-1处及1405～1258cm-1范围这两个地方二者的峰形有非常明显的区别。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱方法可对重楼及其伪品开口箭加以鉴别和区分。     

Laser Fabrication of Nanostructures on a Pure Aluminum Surface in Air

We report on the fabrication of surface nanoparticles and micro/nanograting structures on bulk pure aluminum in air using a 150 fs, 775 nm femtosecond laser. We investigate the size of the generated surface nanoparticles under irradiation with different femtosecond laser pulses. Smaller nanoparticles can be induced by a larger number of laser pulses and a lower laser fluence. In addition, we observe the formation of micro/nanogratings when the laser focus is scanned across a pure aluminum surface in air. We obtain micro- and nano-grating composite structures on a pure aluminum surface by adjusting the laser fluence and scan velocity. Femtosecond laser surface ablation of bulk pure aluminum in air is potentially a promising technique for efficient fabrication of surface nanostructures.     

The Quantum Search Algorithms for All Solutions

Two quantum search algorithms are proposed for known and unknown number of solutions. The first algorithm begins with an arbitrary rotation phase Grover search algorithm by recursive equations, then a sub-algorithm (G _α algorithm) and the corresponding quantum circuits are designed, the probability of success and expected number of iterations of the sub-algorithm to find a solution are analyzed. Based on these results, we design the whole algorithm and estimate the expected number of iterations to search all solutions. The design of the second algorithm follows the same steps. We firstly study a quantum counting algorithm, then design a sub-algorithm (QCG algorithm), and analyze the probability of success and the expected number of iterations to find a solution. Finally the whole algorithm for all solutions is designed and analyzed. The analysis results show that these two algorithms find all solutions in the expected times of $O(t\sqrt{N})$ (t is a number of solutions and N is a total of states).     

一种二苯并吖啶衍生物的NMR特征

二苯并吖啶衍生物可作为新型的微感涂料,并作为改进的受体广泛用于配位和超分子化学的研究中. 我们应用核磁共振技术（¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, DEPT, HSQC, HMBC）以及质谱(MS)确定了7-(4-甲氧基苯基)-5,6,8,9-四氢二苯并[c,h] 吖啶的结构,准确归属了它的¹H, ¹³C NMR信号,为其结构鉴定提供了重要依据.      

Nanotechnology in the Chemical Industry – Opportunities and Challenges

The traditional chemical industry has become a largely mature industry with many commodity products based on established technologies. Therefore, new product and market opportunities will more likely come from speciality chemicals, and from new functionalities obtained from new processing technologies as well as new microstructure control methodologies. It is a well-known fact that in addition to its molecular structure, the microstructure of a material is key to determining its properties. Controlling structures at the micro- and nano-levels is therefore essential to new discoveries. For this article, we define nanotechnology as the controlled manipulation of nanomaterials with at least one dimension less than 100nm. Nanotechnology is emerging as one of the principal areas of investigation that is integrating chemistry and materials science, and in some cases integrating these with biology to create new and yet undiscovered properties that can be exploited to gain new market opportunities. In this article market opportunities for nanotechnology will be presented from an industrial perspective covering electronic, biomedical, performance materials, and consumer products. Manufacturing technology challenges will be identified, including operations ranging from particle formation, coating, dispersion, to characterization, modeling, and simulation. Finally, a nanotechnology innovation roadmap is proposed wherein the interplay between the development of nanoscale building blocks, product design, process design, and value chain integration is identified. A suggestion is made for an R&D model combining market pull and technology push as a way to quickly exploit the advantages in nanotechnology and translate these into customer benefits.     

Pressure-induced phase transitions of multiferroic BiFeO3

Pressure-induced phase transitions of multiferroic BiFeO3 have been investigated using synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction with diamond anvil cell technique at room temperature. Present experimental data clearly show that rhombohedral （R3c） phase of BiFeO3 first transforms to monoclinic （C2/m） phase at 7 GPa, then to orthorhombic （Pnma） phase at 11 GPa, which is consistent with recent theoretical ab initio calculation. However, we observe another peak at 2θ=7° in the pressure range of 5-7 GPa that has not been reported previously. Further analysis reveals that this reflection peak is attributed to the orthorhombic （Pbam） phase, indicating the coexistance of monoclinic phase with orthorhombic phase in low pressure range.     

低气压条件下氢气潘宁放电的模拟分析

为更好地理解低气压、弱电离条件下潘宁离子源放电过程中离子和电子的动力学行为, 通过建立二维轴对称模型, 采用粒子模拟与蒙特卡罗相结合(PIC/MCC)的方法, 考虑了电子与氢气之间的弹性碰撞、激发、电离以及氢原子、离子之间的弹性碰撞和电荷交换等过程, 对微型氢气潘宁离子源放电和引出过程进行了数值研究. 考察了磁场位形、壁面二次电子发射系数、引出电压和充气压力对放电过程的影响, 得到了实验中难以诊断得到的放电腔内电子与离子数密度分布, 阳极电流、引出极离子电流、单原子氢离子比例和双原子氢离子比例等宏观参数与实验结果相一致. 通过仿真使得对氢气潘宁放电机制的研究从定性过渡到定量, 这对于潘宁离子源的设计和改进具有重要意义. 关键词： 潘宁放电 氢气 粒子模拟 蒙特卡罗