生物质炭的杂元素掺杂及其在电极中的应用

近些年,由于制备工艺的不断优化,生物质炭材料作为储能器件(锂离子电池、超级电容器、锂硫电池等)的电极材料得到了快速发展.与此同时,由于存在首次库伦效率低,不可逆容量大,电压滞后,大电流充放电能力弱等问题,大大阻碍了生物质炭材料作为电极材料的应用.而通过杂元素掺杂生物质炭(尤其是杂原子掺杂),可以有效地提高炭材料的润湿性和电子传导性,增加炭材料的缺陷以及活性位点,使其具有优异的电化学性能.本文归纳了杂元素掺杂生物质炭的研究进展,分别对其制备方法,以及在锂离子电池、超级电容器和锂硫电池等能源领域中的应用和前景进行介绍.     

具正负系数和多变时滞的高阶微分方程的振动性

研究具有正负系数和多变时滞的高阶阻尼非线性泛函微分方程的振动性,在条件较为宽松的情形下获得了该方程振动的一个新的Hille型准则和Kamenev型准则,这些准则能用于其他文献不适用的情形,进一步改进并拓展了现有文献的结果。     

随机激励下考虑SSI效应的TMD-结构控制参数优化设计

TMD是高层建筑结构抗震和抗风等减震控制的主要方法,结构体系频率和TMD参数的适配性对控制效果起决定性作用。现有规范中忽略土对上部结的构的影响,使得TMD-结构振动控制与实际工程情况存在脱节。本文以结构的最大层间位移为控制指标,将优化算法与概率密度理论方法结合,以十层混凝土框架TMD-结构参数优化为例,研究了SSI对TMD结构控制效果的影响,并实现了随机激励下TMD建筑结构参数的优化设计。为TMD建筑结构最优化设计提供了新的思路和方法。     

四氢萘热解反应机理研究

本文应用计算机研究四氢萘裂解反应机理, 计算结果表明文中所提出的反应机理有仅从定性, 而且从定量上与实验结果比较符合。本文应用灵敏度分析不仅得到最合适的机理步骤, 同时还得到一些实验中或计算中难于准确得到的动力学参数。     

激光-时间分辨荧光法测定U3O8中痕量硼

本文提出了一种测定U3O8中痕量硼的激光-时间分辨荧光法, 在适当介质中, 用小型氮分子激光器激发硼与二苯甲酰基甲烷配合物的荧光, 发现此配合物的荧光寿命为2ms, 它比铀的荧光寿命长得多, 从而可将荧光的时间分辨技术应用于铀中硼的测定, 不经分离基体铀即可进行测定, 方法简单而快速, 检测下限达到0.02ng.mL^-^1(硼),当取样10mg铀时, 能测定0.01ppm的硼。用本法分析了含量在0.04-0.5ppm几个U3O8样品, 结果与其他方法相符。     

Thermoelectric Coefficients of Silicon MOSFETS in Quantizing Magnetic Field

The phonon drag and electron diffusion contribution to the tensor M which determines 3 the heat flux U = M·E is calculated for a silicon MOSFETS in a perpendicular magnetic field B. We used nearly the same theoretical formalism as Ref [6], but improvements are made in several respects. First of all the dielectric function of Fermi-Thomas approximation which has been proved to result in overscreening of the interaction is replaced by rigorous Lindhard-type dielectric function to take account of the screening between electrons and phonons. Secondly the contributions of localized electrons are separated from those of the free state electrons which are the only part that contributes to both conductivity tensor and magnetothermopower tensor. The calculated M_yx and S_xx reveal magneto-oscillationsoriginating Gom oscillations in the density of states at the Fermi level. At T = 5.02 K, our new results show that the diffusion components of thermopower are negligibly small compared with those due to phonon drag. All the theoretical values of M_yx, S_xx and S_yx are in accordance with the experimental data better than previous theoretical results.     

A Simple Method for Calculating Exciton Binding Energies in Semiconductor Quantum wires

We present a simple, general method for calculating the binding energies of excitons in semiconductor quantum wires. The binding energy is given by an integral (over the electron and hole two-dimensional coordinates perpendicular to the wire) of a prescribed function weighted by the squares of the electron and hole subband envelope functions. Taking as an example, we calculate the binding energy of exciton in quantum wires assuming an infinite confining potential. This method should be applicable to a variety of more complex systems.     

热动力学的研究(XXlV)——等浓度三级反应的热动力学

本文根据热动力学的基础理论,建立了等浓度三级反应的无量纲参数法,并用此法研究了甲醛与氨反应的热动力学.实验测得的速率常数与文献值吻合.     

Possible Phenomenological Indication for the String Coulomb Term and the Color Screening Effects in the Quark-Antiquark potential

The string Coulomb term in the quark-antiquark potential which is due to the transverse. vibrations of the flux tube in the string picture is discussed. Possible phenomenological indication evidences for this term and the color screening effects are studied by examining its spin-dependent effects on both the fine and hyperfine splittings of the P wave charmonium states.     

催化光度法测定痕量钼──钼(Ⅵ)－盐酸联氨－橙黄Ⅳ催化光度新体系

基于盐酸介质中,钼(Ⅵ)催化盐酸联氨还原橙黄Ⅳ的反应,建立了动力学分光光度法测定痕量钼的新方法。本法检出限为3.7×10^-3μg/mL,测定钼量范围为0.025～1.8μg/mL;已将此法用于测定绿豆中的钼及钼酸铅和钼酸钡的溶度积。