Streamlined construction of peptide macrocycles via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular S-arylation in solution and on DNA

A highly efficient and versatile method for construction of peptide macrocycles via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular S-arylation of alkyl and aryl thiols with aryl iodides under mild conditions is developed. The method exhibits a broad substrate scope for thiols, aryl iodides and amino acid units. Peptide macrocycles of a wide range of size and composition can be readily assembled in high yield from various easily accessible building blocks. This method has been successfully employed to prepare an 8-million-membered tetrameric cyclic peptide DNA-encoded library (DEL). Preliminary screening of the DEL library against protein p300 identified compounds with single digit micromolar inhibition activity.

A highly efficient and versatile method for construction of peptide macrocycles via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular S-arylation of alkyl and aryl thiols with aryl iodides under mild conditions is developed.     

吹扫-捕集气相色谱法测定水中挥发性卤代烃

研究建立了吹扫 捕集法富集样品 ,利用HP 1大口径厚液膜通用型熔融石英毛细管柱 (30m× 0 .5 3mm×2 .6 5 μm) ,ECD检测器 ,测定水中 10种挥发性卤代烃的方法 ,确定了最佳吹扫 捕集条件 .结果表明 :水样体积为 5mL时 ,标准偏差在 0 .0 2～ 0 .0 7μg L之间 ,变异系数在 1.0 9%～ 3.2 8%之间 ,加标回收率为 94.0 %～ 10 7%之间 ,10种物质的检出限在 0 .0 7～ 0 .19μg L之间     

Synthesis of isotopically labeled arachidonic acids to probe the reaction mechanism of prostaglandin H synthase

Prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS) catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin G(2) in the cyclooxygenase reaction. The first step of the mechanism has been proposed to involve abstraction of the pro-S hydrogen atom from C13 to generate a pentadienyl radical spanning C11-C15. We report here the synthesis of six site-specifically deuterated arachidonic acids to investigate the structure of the radical intermediate. The preparation of these compounds was achieved using a divergent scheme that involved one advanced intermediate for all targets. The synthetic design introduced the label late in the routes and allowed the utilization of common synthetic intermediates in the preparation of various targets. Both 13(R)- and 13(S)-deuterium-labeled arachidonic acids were synthesized in high enantiomeric purity as deduced from soybean lipoxygenase assays and mass spectrometric analysis of the resulting enzymatic products. Each synthetic compound was reacted under anaerobic conditions with the wide singlet tyrosyl radical of PGHS-2 to generate a radical intermediate that was analyzed by EPR. Deuterium substitution at positions 11, 13(S), and 15 resulted in the loss of one hyperfine interaction, indicating that the protons at these positions interact with the unpaired electron. Simulation of the spectra was achieved with one set of parameters that are consistent with the assignment of a pentadienyl radical. Use of 16-[(2)H(2)]-arachidonic acid indicated that only one of the protons at C16 gives rise to a strong hyperfine interaction. The findings are discussed in the context of two proposed mechanisms for the cyclooxygenase reaction.     

一种转基因猪血中重组人血清白蛋白分离纯化新方法

基因工程技术已经成为研究和生产重组人血清白蛋白(rHSA)替代人血清白蛋白(HSA)的重点技术,而白蛋白的纯化则是该技术的关键。本文主要介绍了从转基因猪血中纯化rHSA的一种新方法,即热乙醇沉淀与多级色谱分离相结合的rHSA纯化方法。热乙醇沉淀法可从猪血浆中获得rHSA粗提取液,此时rHSA的纯度可达69.5%,回收率达51.3%。进一步采用多级色谱分离法,即阴离子交换色谱和反相色谱法进一步纯化,得到rHSA的最终纯度约为100.0%,总回收率为41.1%。该方法为从转基因猪血浆中大规模纯化用于临床和生化研究的高纯度rHSA提供可能,同时也为rHSA替代HSA奠定了基础。     

一类新型的双β-氨基醇的合成及催化硼烷对芳酮的不对称还原反应

以L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐出发，经与二卤代烷偶联，成酯和格氏反应制得三种双手性β-氨基醇，1,2-双[R-2-氨基-3-羟基-3,3-二苯基丙硫基]乙烷(4a)，1,3-双[R-2-氨基-3-羟基-3,3-二苯基丙硫基]丙烷(4b)，1,4-双[R-2-氨基-3-羟基-3,3-二苯基丙硫基]丁烷(4c)。将此类双手性β-氨基醇与硼烷在THF溶液中反应，in situ制备双手性恶唑硼烷催化硼烷对芳酮的不对称还原，产物苯乙醇的光学收率达72.8%、α-溴代苯乙醇的光学收率达91.4%。     

Co-C bond dissociation energy and reaction volume change of 2',5'-dideoxyadenosylcobalamin studied by laser-induced time-resolved photoacoustic calorimetry

Time resolved photoacoustic calorimetry (PAC) was applied to a study of the photolysis of a coenzyme B(12) analog 2',5'-dideoxyadenosylcobalamin, which lacks an -OH group at the 2' position of ribofuranose ring. In aqueous solution, we report for the first time the quantum yield Phi(d) (0.25+/-0.02), Co-C bond dissociation energy (BDE; 31.8+/-2.5 kcal mol(-1)) and reaction volume change deltaV(R) (6.5+/-0.5 ml mol(-1)) due to conformation changes of the corrin ring and its side chains accompanying the cleavage of the Co-C bond. These values for the analog are very similar to those for the natural cofactor. Based our results and previous studies, a possible explanation for the similarity in their structure and properties versus the large difference in their enzymatic activity is discussed.     

交联壳聚糖在痕量钨(Ⅵ)分析中的应用

提出了用交联壳聚糖（CCTS）预富集、分光光度法测定痕量钨的新方法。研究了CCTS对钨（Ⅵ）的吸附行为，结果表明：在pH=4.5的条件下，交联壳聚糖对钨（Ⅵ）的吸附率最大，可达96％。考察了吸附时间、吸附剂用量、样品体积以及共存元素对吸附率的影响，探讨了吸附机理。方法的检出限（3σ）为0．65μg/L，相对标准偏差（RSD）小于0．75％（n=6),富集倍数为20倍。用于温泉水和海水中痕量钨的测定，结果满意。     

Clean Aerobic Liquid Oxidation of Aldehydes with Solid Catalyst

Clean liquid oxidation of aldehydes can be accomplished using solid catalyst in the presence of molecular oxygen at room temperature, which is a valuable alternative to traditional counterparts.     

Addition of benzylic and allylic organozinc and Grignard reagents to resin-bound imines to provide alpha-branched secondary amines bearing a wide variety of functional groups. Utility in the synthesis of beta-3 adrenergic receptor agonists

Benzylic and allylic organozinc and Grignard reagents have been added to resin-bound imines to provide alpha-branched secondary amines. Many functional groups, including electrophilic groups, were compatible with this methodology. Three modules--a resin-bound primary amine, an aromatic aldehyde, and the organometallic--were independently varied to produce a combinatorial library of alpha-branched secondary amines designed as beta-3 adrenergic receptor agonists.     

Effect of microstructure on molecular oxygen permeation through condensed phospholipid monolayers

A method is presented that allows novel measurement of the effect of microstructure on the oxygen permeability of highly condensed, polycrystalline phospholipid monolayers. Oxygen permeability of the polycrystalline shell coating a stationary microbubble is measured directly using an apposing microelectrode in the induced transfer mode and modeling oxygen flux through the shell and intervening aqueous medium. Varying cooling rate through the phospholipid main phase transition permits control of shell microstructure by manipulation of crystalline domain size and shape. Domain boundary density, defined as the ratio of the mean domain perimeter to the mean domain area, of the microbubble shell is determined by fluorescence microscopy. Oxygen permeability was shown to increase linearly with domain boundary density at a constant phospholipid acyl chain length and, accordingly, was shown to decrease exponentially with increasing chain length at a constant domain boundary density. Modification of the energy barrier theory to account for microstructural effects, in terms of the domain boundary density, provides a general equation to model passive transport through polycrystalline monolayer films. Results from this method show promise in determining the gas transport kinetics of medical microbubbles and the gas exchange characteristics of biological monolayers.