甘油在微生物代谢合成及生物催化中的应用

生物柴油是一种可再生能源,因其可替代石油来源的柴油而日益受到重视。随着生物柴油工业的蓬勃发展,其制备过程中的主要副产物甘油出现明显的产能过剩。作为一种廉价的清洁资源,甘油的深度开发和利用既是发展生物柴油工业的关键,也符合绿色化学的发展要求。近年来,甘油不仅作为重要的起始原料用于一些高附加值化学品的制备,而且因其独特的理化性质和易降解、生物相容性好等特性,在生物催化和绿色溶剂领域的应用研究日趋活跃。本文主要综述了甘油在工业微生物发酵、生物合成和绿色溶剂领域的研究进展,并就其应用中存在的一些问题,如甘油原料品质和微生物利用效率等进行分析,同时展望了甘油在生物催化领域的应用前景。     

近五年我国近红外光谱分析技术研究与应用进展

评述了近五年来(2014～2018)我国近红外光谱分析技术的研究与应用进展,内容涉及方法研究、软硬件研发、应用特点和趋势等方面,并对今后我国近红外光谱技术的发展方向进行了展望。引用文献97篇。     

柴油机曲轴整体结构的三维有限元分析

本文采用子结构方法对柴油机曲轴整体结构进行了三维有限元分析，对曲轴这种复杂的工程结构问题通过分成子结构进行求解可以建立更加灵活合理的结构模型，也可降低方程组的阶数，节省大量的重复计算工作，使我们能够在没有大机器的情况下，用很少的内存容量解算大自由度数的题目。     

碳基和氮化物基涂层的摩擦-腐蚀交互行为的原位研究

海洋装备大量关键金属运动部件同时承受摩擦与腐蚀作用,其表面防护涂层在海水环境下的抗磨擦-腐蚀性能成为考察涂层性能优劣的关键.本文中采用摩擦-腐蚀试验机原位实时监测了DLC、Cr-DLC、Cr N与Ti N四种涂层与氧化铝陶瓷摩擦副在人工海水环境下的开路电位和摩擦系数等腐蚀-磨损特性,并采用动电位扫描法测试了四种涂层在腐蚀和摩擦-腐蚀过程中的电化学行为,综合分析了涂层在海水介质中的磨损-腐蚀交互机制.研究结果表明:非晶结构的碳基涂层在海水介质中具有优异的抗腐蚀和抗摩擦-腐蚀性能,其中金属铬的掺入能够进一步提高DLC涂层的抗摩擦-腐蚀性能;而氮化物基涂层的粗大柱状晶结构显著削弱了其在海水环境中的抗摩擦-腐蚀性能.     

On congruences of groupoids closely connected with quasigroups

Conditions when a congruence of a left (right) division groupoid and a left (right) cancellation groupoid is closed (“normal”) are given. Conditions for the simplicity of the above-mentioned groupoids are obtained.     

Cotilting modules with finite left perpendicular categories

We characterize a cotilting module T such that the left perpendicular category ⊥ T is of finite type.     

A Highly Efficient Copper‐Mediated Radioiodination Approach Using Aryl Boronic Acids

A convenient and quantitative radioiodination method by copper‐mediated cross‐coupling of aryl boronic acids was developed. The mild labeling conditions, ready availability of the boronic acid substrate, simple operation, broad functional group tolerance and excellent radiochemical yield (RCY) make this a practical strategy for radioiodine labeling without further purification.     

Photochromism of a novel asymmetrical diarylethene with a (formyloxyethoxy)ethyl‐linked naphthalimide moiety

A novel asymmetrical diarylethene with a (formyloxyethoxy)ethyl‐linked naphthalimide unit was synthesized, and its photochromic and fluorescence properties were systematically investigated in both solution and a poly(metyl methacrylate) film. The diarylethene showed significant photochromism and notable fluorescence switching properties upon irradiation with ultraviolet/visible light. Compared with the parent diarylethene, introduction of the naphthalimide moiety was effective to increase the molar absorption coefficient, the fluorescence quantum yield, and fluorescent modulation efficiency of the diarylethene. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.