全文获取类型
收费全文 | 202616篇 |
免费 | 1473篇 |
国内免费 | 425篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 104512篇 |
晶体学 | 3391篇 |
力学 | 10271篇 |
综合类 | 10篇 |
数学 | 21827篇 |
物理学 | 64503篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 1968篇 |
2020年 | 2008篇 |
2019年 | 2566篇 |
2018年 | 3656篇 |
2017年 | 3668篇 |
2016年 | 4806篇 |
2015年 | 2343篇 |
2014年 | 4295篇 |
2013年 | 8578篇 |
2012年 | 6829篇 |
2011年 | 8039篇 |
2010年 | 6454篇 |
2009年 | 6639篇 |
2008年 | 7629篇 |
2007年 | 7592篇 |
2006年 | 6690篇 |
2005年 | 5915篇 |
2004年 | 5636篇 |
2003年 | 5161篇 |
2002年 | 5152篇 |
2001年 | 5604篇 |
2000年 | 4135篇 |
1999年 | 3132篇 |
1998年 | 2699篇 |
1997年 | 2757篇 |
1996年 | 2540篇 |
1995年 | 2211篇 |
1994年 | 2326篇 |
1993年 | 2225篇 |
1992年 | 2522篇 |
1991年 | 2645篇 |
1990年 | 2552篇 |
1989年 | 2622篇 |
1988年 | 2531篇 |
1987年 | 2550篇 |
1986年 | 2411篇 |
1985年 | 3032篇 |
1984年 | 3101篇 |
1983年 | 2596篇 |
1982年 | 2562篇 |
1981年 | 2527篇 |
1980年 | 2335篇 |
1979年 | 2708篇 |
1978年 | 2671篇 |
1977年 | 2870篇 |
1976年 | 2872篇 |
1975年 | 2664篇 |
1974年 | 2602篇 |
1973年 | 2711篇 |
1972年 | 2085篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
741.
The diffraction of a plane wave incident on a thick hologram at the first and second Bragg angles in the process of nonlinear recording is analyzed using the coupled-wave equations. It is shown that, in this case, the two-wave approximation with the use of effective modulation amplitudes of the refractive index, n 1ef and n 2ef, can be applied. Analytical dependences of n 1ef and n 2ef on the modulation amplitudes of the refractive index n 1 and n 2 at the fundamental and doubled spatial frequencies are obtained and the criteria of their applicability are determined. The dependences found are used to calculate the parameters of gratings recorded in a photopolymeric material. 相似文献
742.
N. A. Borisevich S. L. Dziarzhytski V. A. Povedailo D. L. Yakovlev 《Optics and Spectroscopy》2004,96(6):819-823
The spectra of the fluorescence excitation within the rotational contours of the bands of the pure electronic long-wavelength S 0-S 1 transitions of jet-cooled indole and carbazole molecules and their complexes with water are measured. For the carbazole-water complex, a contour with three maxima is registered, which is possibly related to the occurrence of two isomers, differing in a slight displacement of hydrogen between the nitrogen atom of the imine group of carbazole and the oxygen atom of the water molecule. The degrees of polarization of integral fluorescence upon excitation within the rotational contours of the S 0-S 1 electronic transition bands of the above molecules and their complexes with water are determined for the first time. The coincidence of the calculated (7.7%) and measured (7.3%) values of the degree of polarization upon excitation in the rotational Q branch of the b L 1-A electronic transition of indole confirms the accepted intramolecular orientation of the transition dipole moment at an angle of 38.3° with respect to the principal axis of inertia A. Upon excitation of indole, its complex with water, and carbazole into the P and R branches, the measured and calculated degrees of polarization are also close to each other and amount to 2–3%. This confirms the occurrence of contributions to the fluorescence polarization due to the rotations of the indole molecules around the principal axes of inertia A and C. 相似文献
743.
S. N. Molotkov 《JETP Letters》2004,80(8):563-567
A “collective” attack on the key is considered, and its connection with the classical capacity of a quantum communication channel is analyzed. It has been shown that the allowable error probability for legitimate users to which the secure key can be extracted is less than half the value for “translucent” eavesdropping and individual measurements. 相似文献
744.
N. S. Kazak E. G. Katranji I. A. Utkin A. A. Ryzhevich A. N. Khilo 《Journal of Applied Spectroscopy》2004,71(5):697-701
The phenomenon of self-diffraction of Bessel light beams (BLB) in a nonlinear liquid medium has been studied experimentally and theoretically for the first time. Diffraction maxima which do not correspond to integer orders for an induced periodic structure have been registered. It has been shown that the appearance of these maxima is due to the initial BLB modulation, which can be caused by the departure of the axicon refracting surface from the ideal conical surface, as well as by the imperfection of the form of the Gaussian beam incident on the axicon. 相似文献
745.
Positron-lifetime experiments have been carried out on two undoped n-type liquid encapsulated Czochralski (LEC)-grown InP samples with different stoichiometric compositions in the temperature range 10-300 K. For temperatures below 120 K for P-rich InP and 100 K for In-rich InP, the positron average lifetime began to increase rapidly and then leveled off, which was associated with the charge state change of hydrogen indium vacancy complexes from (VInH4)+ to (VInH4)0. This phenomenon was more obvious in P-rich samples that have a higher concentration of VInH4. The transformation temperature of approximately 120 K suggests that the complex VInH4 is a donor defect and that the ionization energy is about 0.01 eV. The ionization of neutral VInH4 accounted for the decrease of the positron average lifetime when the sample was illuminated with a photon energy of 1.32 eV at 70 K. These results provide evidence for hydrogen complex defects in undoped LEC InP. 相似文献
746.
Maria G. Semenova Larisa E. Belyakova Anna S. Antipova Yu. N. Polikarpov Lida Klouda Anna Markovic Michael M. Il'in 《Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces》2003,31(1-4):47-54
We report on the effect of commercially important polysaccharides (maltodextrins with variable dextrose equivalent (Paselli SA-2, MD-6 and MD-10) on the surface activity at the air–water interface of small-molecule surfactants (sms), possessing different hydrophobic–lipophilic balance ((SSL (Na+), the main component is a sodium salt of stearol–lactoyl lactic acid, and PGE (080), polyglycerol ester of C18 fatty acid), and widely used in food products. A marked change of the surface activity of sms was found in the presence of maltodextrins by tensiometry. The combined data of laser multiangle light scattering and mixing calorimetry have suggested that this result is governed by specific complex formation between maltodextrins and sms in aqueous medium. Measurements have been made of the molar mass, the second virial coefficient and the enthalpy of intermolecular interactions in aqueous solutions. The implication of a degree of polymerization of maltodextrins in this phenomenon was shown. The interrelation between the molecular parameters of the formed complexes and their surface activity at the air–water interface has been revealed and discussed. 相似文献
747.
748.
The logarithmic decrement and shear modulus of a bulk amorphous Zr52.5Ti5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10 alloy were studied with an inverse torsion pendulum in the range from room temperature to the crystallization temperature and in the frequency range 5–40 Hz. The activation energy spectra of reversible and irreversible structural relaxation were estimated. The results obtained are discussed in the context of a two-energy-level model. 相似文献
749.
750.