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Territorial origin of olive oil: representing georeferenced maps of olive oils by NMR profiling
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Raffaele Lamanna Giovanna Imparato Paola Tano Angela Braca Mario D'Ercole Giovanni Ghianni 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2017,55(7):639-647
ABSTRACT Proton NMR profiling is nowadays a consolidated technique for the identification of geographical origin of food samples. The common approach consists in correlating NMR spectra of food samples to their territorial origin by multivariate classification statistical algorithms. In the present work, we illustrate an alternative perspective to exploit territorial information, contained in the NMR spectra, which is based on the implementation of a geographic information system (GIS). Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra are used to build a GIS map permitting the identification of territorial regions having strong similarities in the chemical content of the produced food (terroir units). These terroir units can, in turn, be used as input for labeling samples to be analyzed by traditional classification methods. In this work, we describe the methods and the algorithms that permit to produce GIS maps from NMR profiles and apply the described method to the analysis of the geographical distribution of olive oils in an Italian region. In particular, we analyzed by 1H NMR up to 98 georeferenced olive oil samples produced in the Abruzzo Italian region. By using the first principal component of the NMR variables selected according to the Moran test, we produced a GIS map, in which we identified two regions incidentally corresponding to the provinces of Teramo and Pescara. We then labeled the samples according to the province of provenience and built an LDA model that provides a classification ability up to 99% . A comparison between the variables selected in the geostatistics and classification steps is finally performed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Roger Fosdick Pilade Foti Aguinaldo Fraddosio Mario Daniele Piccioni 《Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics》2010,22(2):77-97
We determine lower bound estimates for the critical load for hyperelastic solids under monotonic dead load processes. By considering
the Hadamard criterion of infinitesimal stability, we first determine a lower bound for the Hadamard stability functional;
then, we develop a procedure for optimal lower bound estimates for the critical load. As examples, we apply our procedure
to generalized Blatz-Ko solids under simple extension, simple compression and rectilinear shear, and compare our results with
other proposals contained in the literature. 相似文献
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We describe a novel approach to the computation of free resolutions and of Betti numbers of polynomial modules based on a combination of the theory of involutive bases with algebraic discrete Morse theory. This approach allows for the first time to compute Betti numbers (even single ones) without determining a whole resolution which in many cases drastically reduces the computation time. (© 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
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Zaira Domínguez Javier Hernández Lorena Silva-Gutiérrez Magali Salas-Reyes Mario Sánchez Gabriel Merino 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(4):772-784
The effect of electron-withdrawing (EW) and electron-releasing (ER) substituents on the 31P NMR chemical shifts and the structural parameters of a series of tris-(p-X-aryl)selenophosphates is reported in this article. Similarly to O-aryl phosphates and O-aryl thiophosphates, EW groups attached to aromatic rings induce a shielding effect on the 31P NMR signal. After a detailed experimental and theoretical analysis, we confirmed that the selenium atom is the main part responsible for the charge density transfer toward phosphorus through a back-bonding effect. The obtained 1JP-Se values for the complete series agree with this observation. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements to view the free supplemental file. 相似文献
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Gregory B. Kharas Sonia E. Chavez Harrison S. Browning Jennifer A. Sepe Mario E. Romanelli Melissa K. Susnis 《高分子科学杂志,A辑:纯化学与应用化学》2013,50(10):751-755
Electrophilic trisubstituted ethylenes, ring-disubstituted methyl 2-cyano-3-phenyl-2-propenoates, RPhCH?C(CN)CO2CH3, where R is 2,5-dichloro, 3,5-dichloro, 2,3-difluoro, 3-chloro-2-fluoro, 3-chloro-4-fluoro, 4-chloro-3-fluoro, 2-chloro-5-nitro, and 2-chloro-6-nitro were prepared and copolymerized with styrene. The monomers were synthesized by the piperidine catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring-disubstituted benzaldehydes and methyl cyanoacetate, and characterized by CHN analysis, IR, 1H and 13C-NMR. All the ethylenes were copolymerized with styrene (M1) in solution with radical initiation (ABCN) at 70°C. The compositions of the copolymers were calculated from nitrogen analysis and the structures were analyzed by IR, 1H and 13C-NMR. The order of relative reactivity (1/r1) for the monomers is 4-Cl-3-F (4.87) > 2,3-F2 (4.49) > 3-Cl-4-F (3.50) > 3-Cl-2-F (2.96) > 2-Cl-5-NO2 (2.02) > 2,5-Cl2 (1.54) > 2-Cl-6-NO2 (1.00) > 3,5-Cl2 (0.41). Relatively high Tg of the copolymers in comparison with that of polystyrene indicates a decrease in chain mobility of the copolymer due to the high dipolar character of the trisubstituted ethylene monomer unit. Decomposition of the copolymers in nitrogen occurred in two steps, first in the 200–500ºC range with residue (1.5–34.5% wt), which then decomposed in the 500-800ºC range. 相似文献
170.
Fabrication of gold nano‐patterns has been demonstrated employing surface relief structures created on films of an azobenzene‐functionalized polymer as templates. The surface relief templates were photoinscribed on the azopolymer films in one‐step with two laser beams. Thin layers of gold were over‐coated on the polymer templates by thermal evaporation. Gold lines of a few hundred nanometer width were successfully fabricated by pyrolyzing the azobenzene polymer. Sub‐micron gold dots were also created. The resulting gold structures exhibited the same periodicity as the polymer templates. 相似文献