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161.
J. O. González S. Shaji D. Avellaneda G. A. Castillo T. K. Das Roy B. Krishnan 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2014,116(4):2095-2105
Photovoltaic structures were prepared using AgSb(S x Se1?x )2 as absorber and CdS as window layer at various conditions via a hybrid technique of chemical bath deposition and thermal evaporation followed by heat treatments. Silver antimony sulfo selenide thin films [AgSb(S x Se1?x )2] were prepared by heating multilayers of sequentially deposited Sb2S3/Ag dipped in Na2SeSO3 solution, glass/Sb2S3/Ag/Se. For this, Sb2S3 thin films were deposited from a chemical bath containing SbCl3 and Na2S2O3. Then, Ag thin films were thermally evaporated on glass/Sb2S3, followed by selenization by dipping in an acidic solution of Na2SeSO3. The duration of dipping was varied as 3, 4 and 5 h. Two different heat treatments, one at 350 °C for 20 min in vacuum followed by a post-heat treatment at 325 °C for 2 h in Ar, and the other at 350 °C for 1 h in Ar, were applied to the multilayers of different configurations. X-ray diffraction results showed the formation of AgSb(S x Se1?x )2 thin films as the primary phase and AgSb(S,Se)2 and Sb2S3 as secondary phases. Morphology and elemental detection were done by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies showed the depthwise composition of the films. Optical properties were determined by UV–vis–IR transmittance and reflection spectral analysis. AgSb(S x Se1?x )2 formed at different conditions was incorporated in PV structures glass/FTO/CdS/AgSb(S x Se1?x )2/C/Ag. Chemically deposited post-annealed CdS thin films of various thicknesses were used as window layer. J–V characteristics of the cells were measured under dark and AM1.5 illumination. Analysis of the J–V characteristics resulted in the best solar cell parameters of V oc = 520 mV, J sc = 9.70 mA cm?2, FF = 0.50 and η = 2.7 %. 相似文献
162.
Ultrasonic inspection of cast stainless steel components from primary and auxiliary cooling circuits of French Nuclear Power Plant has to face with major difficulties due to the coarse grained structure of these materials. Attenuation losses and structural noise are encountered, which limits the performances of defect detection ability, mostly in terms of degraded signal-to-noise ratio and poor sensitivity. To overcome such problems, theoretical and experimental studies have been achieved at the French Atomic Energy Commission, with support from the French Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety. Experimental studies have been performed over stainless steel specimen of known coarse structure (equiaxial grains and/or elongated grains), containing artificial reflectors (cylindrical holes and electro-eroded surface breaking notches). Those mock-ups have been inspected using contact probes of different array designs (linear or matrix splitting), and using pulse echo or dual-element techniques. Such arrays allow to control the ultrasonic beam so as to investigate different inspection angles and focusing depths. Experiments were carried out using oblique longitudinal waves, using delay laws computed by a specific model, taking account of acoustical and geometrical properties of the probes and the inspected component. In addition, specific reconstruction techniques have been investigated to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio as well as spatial resolution. These techniques are based on beam-forming summation and multi-angle inspections. Experimental results show that such techniques allow to reduce the speckle noise and to optimise the beam resolution. Those increased performances allow to detect and to size small planar defects located at the inner wall of a thick specimen, using corner and tip diffraction echoes. 相似文献
163.
Superheated emulsion detector is known to detect neutrons, γ-rays and other charged particles. The present work includes the study of nucleation efficiency of superheated drops of one
of the CFC-free liquids, R134a (C2H2F4), to fast neutrons, its response to γ-rays from 241Am and 137Cs and compare its nucleation efficiency with that of R12. The observation indicates that because of the presence of hydrogen,
the nucleation efficiency is less in R134a than in R12 in the present neutron energy range of consideration. R134a is one
of the most environment-friendly, commercially available liquid that is suitable for superheated drop detector, specially
in neutron dosimetry and one needs to investigate it in detail. 相似文献
164.
We have characterized multidielectric scaled SONOS nonvolatile memory structures with the quasi-static linear voltage ramp (LVR) technique and dynamic pulse measurements. We have formulated physically-based ERASE/WRITE and retention methods with deep level amphoteric traps which capture and emit carriers to the bands in the silicon nitride film. Amphoteric trap parameters are extracted by the LVR technique. ERASE/WRITE and retention amphoteric trap model simulations agree well with the experimental dynamic pulse measurements. Experimental scaled SONOS structures have been fabricated with tunnel oxide XOT=20 Å, nitride XN=30 Å and blocking oxide XOB=55 Å and demonstrated a static flatband shift of 3.6 V with ±5 V programming voltages. These structures may be used as the nonvolatile memory element in high density VLSI circuits. 相似文献
165.
Recently it has been demonstrated that Bell inequalities for spin 1/2 particles must be modified if unsharp spin observables
are considered, and furthermore, the modified Bell inequalities may not be violated by quantum mechanics if the observables
are sufficiently unsharp. In case of massive particles there may be more imperfection than seems to appear in the photon EPR
experiments. So the experiment proposed by Fry, Walther and Li can place experimental limits on the unsharpness of spin variables.
It sheds new light on the much debated issues like non-local correlations in quantum mechanics. 相似文献
166.
D. Roy Mahapatra 《Journal of sound and vibration》2006,289(3):509-528
A design methodology for wave-absorbing active material system is reported. The design enforces equivalence between an assumed material model having wave-absorbing behavior and a set of target feedback controllers for an array of microelectro-mechanical transducers which are integral part of the active material system. The proposed methodology is applicable to problems involving the control of acoustic waves in passive-active material system with complex constitutive behavior at different length-scales. A stress relaxation type one-dimensional constitutive model involving viscous damping mechanism is considered, which shows asymmetric wave dispersion characteristics about the half-line. The acoustic power flow and asymptotic stability of such material system are studied. A single sensor non-collocated linear feedback control system in a one-dimensional finite waveguide, which is a representative volume element in an active material system, is considered. Equivalence between the exact dynamic equilibrium of these two systems is imposed. It results in the solution space of the design variables, namely the equivalent damping coefficient, the wavelength(s) to be controlled and the location of the sensor. The characteristics of the controller transfer functions and their pole-placement problem are studied. 相似文献
167.
Acousto-optic sensing (AOS) is a dual-wave sensing technique based on the ultrasound modulation of diffuse light in a turbid medium. We experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of combining AOS and conventional ultrasound imaging by use of a commercially available pulsed-ultrasound scanner coupled with a photorefractive crystal-based optical interferometry system. Optically absorbing targets embedded in highly diffusive phantoms (mus'= 10 cm(-1)) are imaged through a thickness of 27 mm with millimeter resolution. The acousto-optic images are intrinsically coregistered with the ultrasound images. 相似文献
168.
Shibayan Roy 《哲学杂志》2013,93(5):447-463
Deformation instabilities, such as shear cracking and grain boundary cavitation, which are observed in the secondary tensile region of Ti–6Al–4V alloy during compressive deformation in the (α?+?β)-phase field, do not form in Ti–6Al–4V–0.1B alloy when processed under the same conditions. This has been attributed to the microstructural modifications, e.g. the absence of grain boundary α and adjacent grain boundary retained β layers and a lower proportion of 90o-misoriented α-colonies that occur with boron addition. 相似文献
169.
Somshubhro Bandyopadhyay Manik Banik Some Sankar Bhattacharya Sibasish Ghosh Guruprasad Kar Amit Mukherjee Arup Roy 《Foundations of Physics》2017,47(2):265-273
We show that within the class of ontological models due to Harrigan and Spekkens, those satisfying preparation-measurement reciprocity must allow indeterminism comparable to that in quantum theory. Our result implies that one can design quantum random number generator, for which it is impossible, even in principle, to construct a reciprocal deterministic model. 相似文献
170.
A passive acoustic method is developed to estimate whale density from their calling activity in a monitored area. The algorithm is applied to a loquacious species, the white whale (Delphinapterus leucas), in Saguenay fjord mouth near Tadoussac, Canada, which is severely affected by shipping noise. Beluga calls were recorded from cabled coastal hydrophones deployed in the basin while the animal density was estimated visually from systematic observations from a fixed-point on the shore. Beluga calling activity was estimated from an algorithm extracting the call events in time-frequency space, while simultaneously tracking the masking intensity resulting from local shipping noise. The activity index was summarized in 15- and 30-min bins using four different metrics. For bins containing more than 40% of valid data, the metrics were compared to the corresponding visual observations. The estimated mean acoustic detection range generally exceeded the fjord width, and extended to the whole ∼3-km long monitored area under low-noise conditions. The significant linear relations of the visual estimates with the calling activity metrics allowed assessing expected number of visually detected belugas in the basin from a weighted regression model, with a mean standard error of 7.1%. 相似文献