Three-body final state breakup in the27Al(14N,X) reaction at 116 MeV bombarding energy

The energy spectra and angular distributions of products in the reaction²⁷Al(¹⁴N,X) have been measured at 116 MeV bombarding energy. It is shown that the energy spectra of the products lighter than the projectile, are well described by a three-body breakup calculation. The experimental total breakup cross-section estimated in the present work, together with Glas-Mosel calculation of the fusion cross-section, are in a reasonable agreement with the optical model total reaction cross-section.     

Polyhedral banach spaces and extensions of compact operators

LetX be a polyhedral Banach space whose dual is anL ₁(μ) space for some measureμ. Then for each Banach spacesY ⊆Z and each compact operatorT: Y →X there exists a norm preserving compact extension Z →X.     

Animal bone meal as an efficient catalyst for crossed-aldol condensation

α,α′-Bis(substituted benzylidene)cycloalkanones were efficiently prepared from cycloalkanones and benzaldehydes in water by using animal bone meal (ABM) or ABM modified as a catalyst. It is shown that ABM modified can be quantitatively recovered and be reused effectively for many times. A comparison of catalytic activity of these catalysts is discussed.     

Synthesis of 2-substituted-2,3- dihydro-1,4-dioxino[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives

[reaction--see text] A variety of 2-substituted-2,3-dihydro-1,4-dioxino[2,3-b]pyridines B have been synthesized from the readily available 2-nitro-3-oxiranylmethoxypyridine 1 via a Smiles rearrangement. We demonstrate how variations of reaction conditions affect the product distribution of A and B.     

Thermal conductivity of lightweight aggregate based on coal fly ash

The article presents the results of physical and chemical properties of lightweight aggregates (LWA) obtained by the thermal treatments of raw composition based on fly ash, supplied by electric plants from Serbia. The production process of LWA consists of raw material preparation, plastic shaping?Cextrusion, granulation, and thermal treatment at three temperatures: 1100, 1150, and 1200?°C. The final firing temperature (T?=?1150?°C) is chosen based on the mechanical and physical properties of the designed aggregates. The particle-size distribution of the LWAs is unimodal (d????16?mm) while the density value varies from 0.98 to 1.99?g/cm³. The water absorption values are determined by use of two methods: 24?h of soaking in cold water and 5?h of boiling. The thermal conductivity of unbound, fired LWA particles is determined by measuring the amount of axially transferred heat in the stationary state. The obtained value of the LWA thermal conductivity (???=?0.0872?W/mK, T?=?1150?°C) is suitable for the production of structural concrete blocks with improved thermal insulating properties. Because of their high-porosity and -compressive strength values, the designed LWA could be used instead of the conventional aggregates in the production of concrete blocks. Consequently, a real valorization of the waste material such as fly ash in Serbia was established.     

Detection of chiral perturbations in ferroelectric liquid crystals induced by an atropisomeric biphenyl dopant

The atropisomeric dopant 2,2',6,6'-tetramethyl-3,3'-dinitro-4,4'-bis[(4-nonyloxybenzoyl)oxy]biphenyl (1) induces a ferroelectric SmC phase when doped into the SmC liquid crystal hosts 2-(4-butyloxyphenyl)-5-octyloxypyrimidine (PhP1) and (+/-)-4-[(4-methylhexyl)oxy]phenyl 4-decyloxybenzoate (PhB). The propensity of dopant 1 to induce a spontaneous polarization (polarization power) is much higher in PhP1 than in PhB (1555 nC/cm(2) vs <35 nC/cm(2)), which is attributed to a greater propensity of 1 to undergo chirality transfer via core-core interactions with PhP1. In previous work, we postulated that a chiral perturbation exerted by 1 in PhP1 amplifies the polarization power of the dopant by causing a chiral distortion of the mean field potential (binding site) constraining the dopant in the SmC host, as described by the Chirality Transfer Feedback (CTF) model. To test the validity of the CTF model, and to provide a more direct assessment of the chiral perturbation exerted by dopant 1 on surrounding host molecules, we measured the effect of 1 on the polarization power of other chiral dopants acting as probes. In one series of experiments, (S,S)-5-(2,3-difluorooctyl)-2-(4-octylphenyl)pyridine (MDW950) and (S)-4-(1-methylheptyloxy)phenyl 4-decyloxybenzoate (4), which mimic the structures of PhP1 and PhB, were used as probes. In another series of experiments, the atropisomeric dopant 2,2',3,3',6,6'-hexamethyl-4,4'-bis[(4-nonyloxybenzoyl)oxy]biphenyl (2) was used as probe in PhP1. The results of the probe experiments suggest that dopant 1 exerts a much stronger chiral perturbation in PhP1 than in PhB. More significantly, the results of experiments using 2 as probe show that the chiral perturbation exerted by 1 can amplify the polarization power of another atropisomeric dopant, thus providing the first experimental evidence of the CTF effect.     

DNA ligand Hoechst-33342 enhances UV induced cytotoxicity in human glioma cell lines

The effects of minor groove binding ligand bisbenzimidazole derivative Hoechst-33342 on the cellular response to UV damage have been studied in two human glioma cell lines BMG-1 and U-87 grown as monolayer cultures. Treatment induced cell death (macro-colony assay) and growth inhibition, potential lethal damage recovery, cytogenetic damage (micronuclei formation) and proliferation kinetics were studied as parameters for cellular response. Pre and post-irradiation treatment with Hoechst-33342 (1-20 microM) enhanced the UV-induced growth inhibition and cell death in a concentration dependent manner in both cell lines. At higher Hoechst-33342 concentrations (>5 microM), the cytotoxic effects of the combination (Hoechst-33342+UV) were highly synergistic and mainly mediated through apoptosis implying the possible interactions of lesions caused by both the agents. The enhanced cell death due to Hoechst-33342 was accompanied by a significant increase (2-3 folds at 5 microM) in UV-induced micronuclei formation in BMG-1 cells. Under these conditions, Hoechst-33342 also enhanced the UV-induced cell cycle delay, mainly due to S and G(2) blocks. The increase in UV-induced micronuclei formation observed after treatment with Hoechst-33342 indicates that the DNA bound Hoechst-33342 may interfere with the rejoining of DNA strand breaks. Since the treatment of cells with the replication inhibitor aphidicolin reduced the enhancement of UV induced cytotoxicity by Hoechst-33342, ongoing DNA replication appears to stimulate Hoechst-33342 and UV-induced cytotoxicity.     

Efficient synthesis of 2- and 3-substituted-2,3-dihydro [1,4]dioxino[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives

A versatile new approach for the synthesis in three steps of 2-substituted-2,3-dihydro[1,4]dioxino[2,3-b]pyridines B via a Smiles rearrangement using easily available reagents is described. A study illustrating the influence of experimental conditions on the progress of the reaction is reported.     

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs): Preparation and Properties of Calix[4]resorcinarene Derived Systems.

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) have been prepared fromc-2,c-8,c-14,c-20-tetraundecyl-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octahydroxyresorc[4]areneas colloidal suspensions. Photon Correlation Spectroscopy studies revealed aparticle hydrodynamic diameter of 150 nm. Non-contact mode Atomic ForceMicroscopy allows observation of the particles as slightly flattened sphericalobjects of 236 (±40) nm diameter and 145 (±40) nm height. Thestudy of the preparation parameters showed that shear force does not affectthe hydrodynamic size of the SLNs. In contrast, the viscosity and the pH ofthe aqueous phase, the amphiphile concentration in the organic phase and thevolume of organic phase used, all lead to variation in the size of the particles.In term of post preparation parameters only the ionic strength has been shownto affect significantly the particle size; while the pH of the storing solution,microwave, ultrasonic and thermal treatments do not. Short and long-termstability studies have been performed to measure the effect of the ionic strengthon the stability of the particles. The use of carbohydrate cryoprotectants does notallow re-dispersion of the colloidal suspension after freeze-drying.     

A convenient synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine‐4,6‐dione and pyrazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidine‐5,7‐dione derivatives

Pyrazolo‐[3,4‐d]pyrimidine‐4,6‐diones 5 and pyrazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidine‐5,7‐diones 7 were synthesized by Curtius rearrangement of pyrazolic mono‐esters 2 and 3 followed by hetero‐cyclization via the ureas derivatives 4 and 6 under alkaline conditions.