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951.
Cheng G Kent MS He L Varanasi P Dibble D Arora R Deng K Hong K Melnichenko YB Simmons BA Singh S 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2012,28(32):11850-11857
The solution structures of three types of isolated lignin-organosolv (OS), Kraft (K), and low sulfonate (LS)-before and after treatment with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate were studied using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) over a concentration range of 0.3-2.4 wt %. The results indicate that each of these lignins is comprised of aggregates of well-defined basal subunits, the shapes and sizes of which, in D(2)O and DMSO-d(6), are revealed using these techniques. LS lignin contains a substantial amount of nanometer-scale individual subunits. In aqueous solution these subunits have a well-defined elongated shape described well by ellipsoidal and cylindrical models. At low concentration the subunits are highly expanded in alkaline solution, and the effect is screened with increasing concentration. OS lignin dissolved in DMSO was found to consist of a narrow distribution of aggregates with average radius 200 ± 30 nm. K lignin in DMSO consists of aggregates with a very broad size distribution. After ionic liquid (IL) treatment, LS lignin subunits in alkaline solution maintained the elongated shape but were reduced in size. IL treatment of OS and K lignins led to the release of nanometer-scale subunits with well-defined size and shape. 相似文献
952.
Ezhumalai Yamuna Matthias Zeller Karnam Jayarampillai Rajendra Prasad 《Tetrahedron letters》2012,53(12):1514-1517
We have developed an effective microwave assisted p-TsOH catalyzed synthesis of indolo[2,3-b]dibenzo[b,g][1,8]naphthyridines via a one pot reaction of 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole and 2-chloro-3-formylquinolines. 相似文献
953.
Susovan Bhowmik Sudip Kumar Ghosh Samar Layek Prof. Harish Chandra Verma Dr. Sankar Prasad Rath 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2012,18(41):13025-13037
Reported herein is a hitherto unknown family of diiron(III)‐μ‐hydroxo bisporphyrins in which two different spin states of Fe are stabilized in a single molecular framework, although both cores have identical molecular structures. Protonation of the oxo‐bridged dimer ( 2 ) by using strong Brønsted acids, such as HI, HBF4, and HClO4, produce red μ‐hydroxo complexes with I3? ( 3 ), BF4? ( 4 ), and ClO4? ( 5 ) counterions, respectively. The X‐ray structure of the molecule reveals that the Fe? O bond length increases on going from the μ‐oxo to the hydroxo complex, whereas the Fe‐O(H)‐Fe unit becomes more bent, which results in the smallest known Fe‐O(H)‐Fe angles of 142.5(2) and 141.2(1)° for 3 and 5 , respectively. In contrast, the Fe‐O(H)‐Fe angle remains unaltered in 4 from the corresponding μ‐oxo complex. The close approach of two rings in a molecule results in unequal core deformations in 3 and 4 , whereas the cores are deformed almost equally but to a lesser extent in 5 . Although 3 was found to have nearly high‐spin and admixed intermediate Fe spin states in cores I and II, respectively, two admixed intermediate spin states were observed in 4 . Even though the cores have identical chemical structures, crucial bond parameters, such as the Fe? Np, Fe? O, and Fe???Ctp bond lengths and the ring deformations, are all different between the two FeIII centers in 3 and 4 , which leads to an eventual stabilization of two different spin states of Fe in each molecule. In contrast, the two Fe centers in 5 are equivalent and assigned to high and intermediate spin states in the solid and solution states, respectively. The spin states are thus found to be dependent on the counterions and can also be reversibly interconverted. Upon protonation, the strong antiferromagnetic coupling in the μ‐oxo dimer (J, ?126.6 cm?1) is attenuated to almost zero in the μ‐hydroxo complex with the I3? counterion, whereas the values of J are ?36 and ?42 cm?1, respectively, for complexes with BF4? and ClO4? counterions. 相似文献
954.
Kumar KS Rambabu D Prasad B Mujahid M Krishna GR Rao MV Reddy CM Vanaja GR Kalle AM Pal M 《Organic & biomolecular chemistry》2012,10(24):4774-4781
Regioselective construction of a fused 2-ylidene chromene ring was achieved for the first time by using AlCl(3)-induced C-C bond formation followed by Pd/C-Cu mediate coupling-cyclization strategy. A number of chromeno[4,3-b]quinoxaline derivatives were prepared by using this strategy. Single crystal X-ray diffraction study of a representative compound e.g. 6-(2,2-dimethylpropylidene)-4-methyl-6H-chromeno[4,3-b]quinoxalin-3-ol confirmed the presence of an exocyclic C-C double bond with Z-geometry. The crystal structure analysis and hydrogen bonding patterns of the same compound along with its structure elaboration via propargylation followed by Sonogashira coupling of the resulting terminal alkyne is presented. A probable mechanism for the formation of 2-ylidene chromene ring is discussed. Some of the compounds synthesized showed anticancer properties when tested in vitro. 相似文献
955.
Satyendra N. Shukla Pratiksha Gaur Mamta Prasad Mahender Prasad Ripul Mehrotra Sheela Mathews 《中国化学会会志》2012,59(4):485-493
The reaction of a new heterocyclic bidentate N containing spacer, (ligand) 5,5′‐methylenebis(pyridine) with ruthenium sulphoxide precursors resulted, dinuclear complexes. We herein report three formulations; [{cis,fac‐RuCl2(so)3}2(μ‐mbp)].3so; [{trans,mer‐RuCl2(so)32}2(μ‐mbp)].3so and [{trans‐RuCl4(so)}2(μ‐mbp)]2?[X]2+; where so = dimethyl‐sulfoxide/tetramethylenesulfoxide; mbp = 5,5′‐methylenebis(pyridine) and [X]+ = [(dmso)2H]+, Na+ or [(tmso)H]+. These complexes were characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, molar conductance measurement, magnetic susceptibility, FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C{1H}‐NMR, electronic spectroscopy and FAB‐Mass spectrometry. Catalytic activity of these complexes has been investigated in hydrolysis of benzonitrile. All the complexes exhibit good antibacterial activity against gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli in comparison to Chloramphenicol. 相似文献
956.
K. KarnakarS. Narayana Murthy K. RameshK. Harsha Vardhan Reddy Y.V.D. Nageswar U. ChandrakalaB.L.A. Prabhavathi Devi R.B.N. Prasad 《Tetrahedron letters》2012,53(27):3497-3501
A novel, simple, and efficient synthetic protocol has been developed for the synthesis of spiro[indoline-3,4′-pyrazolo[3,4-e][1,4]thiazepine] diones, by using bioglycerol-based sulfonic acid functionalized carbon as a recyclable catalyst, devoid of moisture sensitive metal catalysts and corrosive acidic reagents. This new protocol produces novel heptacyclic spirooxindole derivatives in good to excellent yields, with operational simplicity and recycling of the catalyst in comparison to predictable pentacyclic compounds. The catalyst can be prepared by a simple adoptable procedure from an inexpensive and readily available bio-glycerol and found to be recoverable and reusable up to four cycles without any loss of activity. 相似文献
957.
Copper(II) complex of ethambutol (I) was prepared and used in the fabrication of Cu(2+) selective ISE membrane. The membrane having Cu(II)-ethambutol complex (I) as electroactive material, along with sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB) as anion discriminator, dioctylphthalate (DOP) as plasticizer in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix in the percentage ratio 6:2:190:200 (I:NaTPB:DOP:PVC) (w/w) gave a linear response in the concentration range 7.94x10(-6) to 1.0x10(-1) M of Cu(2+) with a slope of 29.9+/-0.2 mV per decade of activity and a fast response time of 11+/-2 s. The sensor works well in the pH range 2.1-6.3 and could be satisfactorily used in presence of 40% (v/v) methanol, ethanol and acetone and is selective for copper over a large number of cations with slight interference from Na(+) and Co(2+) if present at a level 1.5x10(-5) and 6.5x10(-5) M, respectively. It works well over a period of 6 months and can also be used as indicator electrode for the end point determination in the potentiometric titration of Cu(2+) against EDTA as well as in the determination of Cu(2+) in real samples. 相似文献
958.
Ganapathi V. Prasad T. R. Valluru K. R. Maroju S. Mule S. N. R. Guguloth V. 《Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry》2021,57(12):2048-2053
Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry - A series of novel sulfonyl urea derivatives were designed as potential anticancer agents. These compounds were prepared in good yields by the reaction of... 相似文献
959.
Stevenson S Phillips JP Reid JE Olmstead MM Rath SP Balch AL 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2004,(24):2814-2815
The X-ray crystal structure of Gd(3)N@C(80).Ni(II)(OEP).1.5(benzene) shows that the Gd(3)N unit within the I(h) C(80) cage is pyramidal, whereas Sc(3)N@C(80), Sc(3)N@C(78), Sc(3)N@C(68), Lu(3)N@C(80) and Sc(2)ErN@C(80) have planar M(3)N units. 相似文献
960.
Nishith A. Chudasama Rosy Alphons Sequeira Kinjal Moradiya Kamalesh Prasad 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(9)
Among the various natural polymers, polysaccharides are one of the oldest biopolymers present on the Earth. They play a very crucial role in the survival of both animals and plants. Due to the presence of hydroxyl functional groups in most of the polysaccharides, it is easy to prepare their chemical derivatives. Several polysaccharide derivatives are widely used in a number of industrial applications. The polysaccharides such as cellulose, starch, chitosan, etc., have several applications but due to some distinguished characteristic properties, seaweed polysaccharides are preferred in a number of applications. This review covers published literature on the seaweed polysaccharides, their origin, and extraction from seaweeds, application, and chemical modification. Derivatization of the polysaccharides to impart new functionalities by chemical modification such as esterification, amidation, amination, C-N bond formation, sulphation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and graft copolymerization is discussed. The suitability of extraction of seaweed polysaccharides such as agar, carrageenan, and alginate using ionic solvent systems from a sustainability point of view and future prospects for efficient extraction and functionalization of seaweed polysaccharides is also included in this review article. 相似文献