Preparation,spectral and structural characterization of (2-benzoylpyridine N(4)-methyl-N(4)-phenylthiosemicarbazonato) chloropalladium(II)

The synthesis, as well as spectral and structural characterization, of (2-benzoylpyridine-N(4)-methyl-N(4)-phenylthiosemicarbazonato)chloropalladium(II), [Pd(Bz4MePh)Cl], is described. The unit cell contains two crystallographically independent molecules [Pd(1)(Bz4MePh)Cl], (1), and [Pd(2)(Bz4MePh)Cl], (2), stabilized by intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The distance between the Pd(1) and Pd(2) centres is 3.5038(11) Å. The spectroscopic techniques used in this study are the following: u.v.-visible, i.r. and ¹H n.m.r. The protonation constants, determined spectrophotometrically, of the uncoordinated HBz4MePh are pK_a1 = 10.82 ± 0.03 and pK_a2 = 4.09 ± 0.02.     

Maximization of yield of C-13 isotope by multiphoton dissociation of Freon-22 using high average power TEA CO2 laser

Selective multi-photon dissociation (MPD) of Freon-22 (CF₂HC1) molecules has been carried out using a TEA CO₂ laser at various CO₂ laser lines (9P(20)-9P(26)) in order to maximize the yield of C-13 isotope in the product (C₂F₄) at an enrichment factor of 100. The effects of laser pulse tail due to the presence of N₂ in the laser mixture on the enrichment factor and yield of C-13 are investigated. It is found that the addition of a small amount of N₂ is possible in the laser mixture without a significant drop in the yield at desired enrichment factor. Addition of a small amount of N₂ improves the laser efficiency considerably. At a given pulse energy, a slight change in the near field intensity distribution of a laser severely affects the selectivity of C-13 isotope. The computed far-field intensity distributions of the measured near-field intensities show marked spatial variation in the focal spots that leads to a drop in selectivity. For macroscopic production of C-13 isotope a simple and novel multi-pass cavity has been designed and tested to focus the energy repeatedly keeping the optimum fluence constant at each focal spot.     

Toxicity and the cardiovascular activity of organotin compounds: a review

A comprehensive review on toxicity of organotin compounds including sources of their intake and mode of action, and cardiovascular activity of organotin compounds is presented. Further research to develop novel useful organotin compounds having hypertensive activity needs to be carried out. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Speciation and Multinuclear NMR Spectroscopic Studies of Di- and Trimethyltin(IV) Moieties with MESNA in Aqueous Medium

The interaction of Me₂Sn(IV)²⁺ and Me₃Sn(IV)⁺ with a prodrug, sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (HSCH₂CH₂SO₃Na, MESNA) abbreviated as (HL), has been studied potentiometrically in aqueous solution (I = 0.1 mol·L^?1 KNO₃, 298 K). The concentration distribution of various species formed in the solution was studied with changes in pH (~3–11). A strong coordination of MESNA with metal through the S atom of thiol group has been found. In the Me₂Sn(IV)–HL system, the species [Me₂Sn(L)]⁺ (53.1–75.6%) is predominant at acidic pH (3.73 ± 0.02) and the species [Me₂Sn(L)₂OH]^? (29.4–38.5%) is predominant at basic pH (10.32 ± 0.08). In contrast, for the Me₃Sn(IV)⁺ system, [Me₃SnL] (37.0–57.4%) is the major species at pH 7.65 ± 0.03 and [Me₃Sn(OH)] (49.9–67.2%) and [Me₃Sn(L)(OH)]^? (30.2–46.5%) are the major species at pH 11.05 ± 0.01. However, at physiological pH (7.01 ± 0.32), in both (1:1) and (1:2) Me₂Sn(IV)–HL systems, the species [Me₂Sn(L)(OH)] (67.2–89.9%) is predominant, whereas for Me₃Sn(IV)–HL (1:1) and (1:2) systems, [Me₃Sn(OH)] (53.5%) and [Me₃SnL] (56.8%) are the respective predominant species. In order to characterize the possible geometry of the proposed complex species, multinuclear (¹H, ¹³C and ¹¹⁹Sn) NMR studies were carried out at different pHs. No polymeric species were detected in the experimental pH range.     

Similarity solutions for the flow behind an exponential shock in a non-ideal gas

Similarity solutions for the flow of a non-ideal gas behind a strong exponential shock driven out by a piston (cylindrical or spherical) moving with time according to an exponential law are obtained. Similarity solutions exist only when the surrounding medium is of constant density. Solutions are obtained, in both the cases, when the flow between the shock and the piston is isothermal or adiabatic. It is found that the assumption of zero temperature gradient brings a profound change in the density distribution as compare to that of the adiabatic case. Effects of the non-idealness of the gas on the flow-field between the shock and the piston are investigated. The variations of density-ratio across the shock and the location of the piston with the parameter of non-idealness of the gas are also obtained.     

Large amplitude response of circular plates on elastic foundations

The von Kármán type partial differential equations governing non-linear dynamic behaviour of circular plates resting on Winkler and Pasternak elastic foundations have been analysed analytically. The space and time-wise integrations have been carried out employing the Chebyshev polynomials and implicit Houbolt techniques, respectively. The influence of foundation parameters K and G on the large amplitude response of circular plates subjected to step function loads has been studied for both the clamped immovable as well as simply supported immovable edge conditions. Foundation parameters K and G have been determined for the minimax central response. For all values of K,values of G should be between 30 and 40 for the clamped circular plates and the value of G should be a maximum for the simply supported circular plates.