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91.
Sanz E Valeriani C Zaccarelli E Poon WC Pusey PN Cates ME 《Physical review letters》2011,106(21):215701
In supercooled liquids, vitrification generally suppresses crystallization. Yet some glasses can still crystallize despite the arrest of diffusive motion. This ill-understood process may limit the stability of glasses, but its microscopic mechanism is not yet known. Here we present extensive computer simulations addressing the crystallization of monodisperse hard-sphere glasses at constant volume (as in a colloid experiment). Multiple crystalline patches appear without particles having to diffuse more than one diameter. As these patches grow, the mobility in neighboring areas is enhanced, creating dynamic heterogeneity with positive feedback. The future crystallization pattern cannot be predicted from the coordinates alone: Crystallization proceeds by a sequence of stochastic micronucleation events, correlated in space by emergent dynamic heterogeneity. 相似文献
92.
Saldin DK Poon HC Bogan MJ Marchesini S Shapiro DA Kirian RA Weierstall U Spence JC 《Physical review letters》2011,106(11):115501
We report on the first experimental ab?initio reconstruction of an image of a single particle from fluctuations in the scattering from an ensemble of copies, randomly oriented about an axis. The method is applicable to identical particles frozen in space or time (as by snapshot diffraction from an x-ray free electron laser). These fluctuations enhance information obtainable from an experiment such as conventional small angle x-ray scattering. 相似文献
93.
Sub-lines are one-dimensional diffraction patterns representing the light beams emerging from horizontal planes of an object image. Past research has demonstrated that the sub-lines can be encapsulated as a multi-bank filtering process, and implemented with a field programmable gate array (FPGA) device. As the complexity of the filters is high, their length and the number of input pins have to be reduced substantially, hence leading to degradation on the reconstructed images. We propose an enhanced method to overcome the problem by binarizing the filters' coefficients, and half-toning the pixel intensities of the object image. Experimental evaluation reveals that our method results in reconstructed images are superior to that obtained with the parent method. 相似文献
94.
Lifetime of levels up to 22+, have been measured in 78Kr and an oblate shape is assigned to the ground state using the CSM and the configuration dependent shell correction calculations.
Calculations further show that 78Kr is highly γ-soft nucleus. The experimental Q
t values coupled with theoretical calculations indicate an oblate shape for 78Kr at low spins and triaxial shape at higher spins 相似文献
95.
Spiral morphology-dependent resonances have been observed in a tilted optical fiber. The polarization-preserving and the cross-polarized elastic-scattering spectra for plane-wave illumination show that the wavelengths of the resonances are blueshifted quadratically as the fiber tilt angle increases. When a focused Gaussian beam illuminates the fiber at its edge, the resonances are blueshifted and broadened as the detector is offset from the scattering plane with the maximum scattering intensity. The blueshift with focused beam illumination is also a consequence of the spiral resonances. 相似文献
96.
Poon T Sivaguru J Franz R Jockusch S Martinez C Washington I Adam W Inoue Y Turro NJ 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2004,126(34):10498-10499
Oxazolidinone-functionalized enecarbamates react stereoselectively with singlet oxygen to give methyldesoxybenzoin (MDB) in moderate to high enantiomeric excess. The stereochemical outcome depends on the E/Z substrate geometry, temperature, and solvent variables. The analysis of the differential activation parameters suggests a large contribution from the entropy term in determining the enantioselectivity. We demonstrate the utility of the temperature and solvent variables in determining the degree of the photochemical kinetic resolution of the enecarbamates; for example, in the photooxygenation at -70 degrees C in methanol, MDB may be obtained in methanol. 相似文献
97.
Q. Guo Y.P. Feng H.C. Poon C.K. Ong 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》1999,9(1):29-36
A new approach based on the invariant embedding method for the self-consistent calculation of electronic structure of quantum
wells is presented and is applied to both neutral quantum well and parabolic quantum well. Numerical results obtained for
these structures agree very well with those of previous theoretical and experiment studies. The present approach is expected
to lead to a more efficient and stable scheme for the calculation of electronic band structure of quantum structures. Realistic
boundary conditions are naturally taken into account in the present calculation which provides a convenient way for studying
boundary effects.
Received 21 September 相似文献
98.
ZHANG Yong HONG Hua-Sheng Michael H W Lam Ka-Fai Poon Bruce J Richardson Rudolf S S Wu 《高等学校化学学报》1999,20(Z1):555
Assessment of the concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons and their fate in marine environment is very important and necessary for marine environment scientists. In order to study the ecotoxicological effects of this kind of pollutants on marine ecological system, the fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediment of coastal water has been studied under natural conditions by Chromatography-FID. 相似文献
99.
Vollmer D Hinze G Ullrich B Poon WC Cates ME Schofield AB 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2005,21(11):4921-4930
In mixtures of thermotropic liquid crystals with spherical poly (methyl methacrylate) particles, self-supporting networklike structures are formed during slow cooling past the isotropic-to-nematic phase transformation. To characterize the process of network formation in terms of morphology, phase transformation kinetics, and mechanical properties, we have combined data from polarization and laser scanning confocal microscopy with calorimetric, NMR, and rheological results. Our data suggest that the mechanism of network formation is dominated by a broadened temperature and time interval of phase transformation rather than by particle size or concentration. The observation that the width of the transformation interval strongly depends on sample preparation supports the hypothesis that a third component, most likely alkane remnants slowly liberated from the particles, plays a crucial role. In addition, calorimetric findings for liquid crystal/colloid mixtures, heated and cooled up to 13 times, point to separation of the liquid crystal into two compartments with different phase transformation kinetics. This could be explained by redistribution and enrichment of alkane in the particle-composed network walls. A further increase of the storage modulus, G', and incomplete dissolution of the networks in the isotropic state indicate that the formation of two compartments during repeated temperature cycles stabilizes the network and confers strong memory effects. 相似文献
100.
Laterally resolved measurements of the quantum size effect (QSE) in electron reflectivity are made with low energy electron microscopy on coherently strained Ag films on a W(110) surface. The evolution of the total film thickness with increasing number of atomic layers is determined accurately by dynamical theory analysis of the QSE features. Combined with a model of layer spacings obtained from first-principles calculations, this provides for a novel approach to determine the buried interface layer spacing, which is inaccessible to other methods. 相似文献