Electroreduction of oxygen on metal (Au, Cu)-ion exchanger nanocomposites in the diffusion mode

The kinetics of the electroreduction of oxygen in the diffusion mode on single granules of nanocomposites consisting of dispersed particles of the metal (Au, Cu) of the nanometer size and macroporous sulfonic cation-exchanger matrix KU-23 is studied. No noticeable effect of the factors of size of the metal component and ion exchange over the matrix on the external diffusion current of oxygen reduction is observed. The drop in current observed in a number of cases is due to a transition to the mixed external and internal kinetics as a result of the macroporous structure of the matrix and the chemical activity of nanoparticles of the metal component.     

Basic technology for developing cost-effective thermal waste recycling industry

The advantages of electron-beam treatment of flue gases of industrial and power plants are discussed. The equations of the basic chemical reactions are presented, and a mathematical model of the cleaning process is developed. A conclusion on the self-repayment of this technology was drawn, which opens up new prospects for its implementation.     

Reductive sorption of molecular oxygen from water by nanodisperse metals in an ion-exchanger matrix

It is shown that the reduction of oxygen dissolved in water by metal (Ag, Cu, Bi, and Ni) — KU-23 ion exchanger nanocomposite can be inhibited by either internal diffusion or kinetic mechanisms, depending on the nature of the metal and its particle size.     

Limiting current of oxygen reduction on copper-ion exchanger nanocomposite

The kinetics of the reduction of oxygen on a granular copper-containing electron-ion exchanger, or a nanocomposite consisting of an ion-exchanging resin matrix and a nanodispersed copper bulk distributed in it, used for the deep removal of oxygen from water and gases, is investigated. It is established that reduction of oxygen with the cathodically polarized nanocomposite proceeds in two stages: external diffusion and internal diffusion. It is shown that the external diffusion transfer of oxygen is maintained by the electric current of the cathodic direction. Its contribution is prevalent under conditions of the localization of copper nanoparticles on a grain’s surface. It is established that the limiting current corresponds to the reduction rate of oxygen. It is noted that during the bulk distribution of copper nanoparticles in the grain pores, the contribution of the stage of the internal diffusion transfer of oxygen increases. It is shown that oxygen reduction rate exceeds the limiting external-diffusion current. The joint occurrence of both stages ensures a generally high oxygen reduction rate.     

ChemInform Abstract: The Ground-State Potential Energy Surface of Diazene

has been studied by using a complete active space MCSCF wave function generated by distributing eight electrons among eight orbitals.