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51.
Richard P. Kent IV 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2005,133(12):3735-3744
Given a compact orientable -manifold whose boundary is a hyperbolic surface and a simple closed curve in its boundary, every knot in is homotopic to one whose complement admits a complete hyperbolic structure with totally geodesic boundary in which the geodesic representative of is as small as you like.
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Structural relaxation of mesodefect networks in amorphous Co-Ni-P films during low-temperature isothermal annealing (T=175°C) is studied. A mathematical model in which network structures are presented in the form of stochastic flows of intersections of network boundaries is used. The two-stage nature of the annealing process, which is also reflected in the correlation radius, is established in terms of the first two moments of the empirical distributions. It is found that the flow statistics is of the Weibull class. In the identified Weibull statistics, two scale components are distinguished at a 98% confidence level. The short-wavelength (SW) component is characterized by an extremal form of behavior of the α dimension, while the corresponding dependence of the long-wavelength component of the network hierarchy is linear and the values of the dimension do not exceed unity. The entropy of the zero spectrum of correlation functions of intersection flows of network boundaries for an annealing time ~1 h indicates considerable ordering of the SW component of the network mesostructure. Different spatial scales of the network hierarchy of mesodefects of the amorphous state evolve along different channels, which could ensure high structural stability under the appropriate influences. 相似文献
57.
Absolute quantitation of host cell proteins in recombinant human monoclonal antibodies with an automated CZE‐ESI‐MS/MS system
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Guijie Zhu Liangliang Sun Travis Linkous Dawn Kernaghan James B. McGivney IV Norman J. Dovichi 《Electrophoresis》2014,35(10):1448-1452
We report the first use of CZE for absolute characterization of host cell proteins (HCPs) in recombinant human monoclonal antibodies. An electrokinetically pumped nanoelectrospray interface was used to couple CZE with a tandem mass spectrometer. Three isotopic‐labeled peptides (LSFDKDAMVAR, VDIVENQAMDTR, and LVSDEMVVELIEK) were synthesized by direct incorporation of an isotope‐labeled lysine or arginine. The heavy‐labeled peptides were spiked in the HCP digests at known concentrations. After CZE‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis, the peaks of native and isotopic‐labeled peptides were extracted with mass tolerance ≤ 5 ppm from the electropherograms, and the ratios of peak area between native and isotopic‐labeled peptides pairs were calculated. Calibration curves (the ratios of peak area versus spiked peptide amount) with R2 values of 0.999, 0.997, and 0.999 were obtained for the three HCP peptides, and the absolute amounts of the three proteins present were determined to be at the picomole level in a 20 μg sample of digested HCPs. The target proteins were present at the 7–30 ppt level in the purified HCP samples. 相似文献
58.
O. T. Kasaikina Z. S. Kartasheva L. M. Pisarenko 《Russian Journal of General Chemistry》2008,78(8):1533-1544
A review is presented compiling new data on liquid-phase oxidation of hydrocarbons and plant oils in microheterogeneous environment formed by the addition of surfactants. Cationic surfactants catalyze the decomposition of the primary oxidation products, hydroperoxides, into free radicals thus accelerating the oxidation process. Anionic surfactants catalyze the heterolystic decomposition of hydroperoxides and therefore are excellent antioxidants for ethylbenzene, cumene, and other alkylaromatic hydrocarbons. 相似文献
59.
Charles M. Castevens IV 《Theoretical chemistry accounts》2008,121(1-2):43-52
A computationally inexpensive modified extended-Hückel method using coordinates from STO-6G(d,p) geometry optimizations is described and shown to accurately simulate the spectra of conjugated heterocycles. The origins of the natural optical activities of blue indophenines and diheptylindophenines, and several related brown, red, and colorless compounds, were investigated with this method to show how it can be used to examine the changes in spectra and electronic structure that occur with substituent additions and changes. Diheptylindophenines were found to be blue because of absorptions from electronic transitions between spatially congruent π and π* molecular orbitals delocalized across carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur atomic orbitals. The effects of conjugated thiophene moieties replacing the isatin moiety β-carbonyls move these absorptions to the blue relative to their locations in n-heptylisatin, and the diheptyl groups move these absorptions slightly to the red relative to indophenines. 相似文献
60.
Capillary zone electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry detects low concentration host cell impurities in monoclonal antibodies
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Guijie Zhu Liangliang Sun Jennifer Heidbrink‐Thompson Srilatha Kuntumalla Hung‐yu Lin Christopher J. Larkin James B. McGivney IV Norman J. Dovichi 《Electrophoresis》2016,37(4):616-622
We have evaluated CZE‐ESI‐MS/MS for detection of trace amounts of host cell protein impurities in recombinant therapeutics. Compared to previously published procedures, we have optimized the buffer pH used in the formation of a pH junction to increase injection volume. We also prepared a 5‐point calibration curve by spiking 12 standard proteins into a solution of a human mAb. A custom CZE‐MS/MS system was used to analyze the tryptic digest of this mixture without depletion of the antibody. CZE generated a ~70‐min separation window (~90‐min total analysis duration) and ~300‐peak capacity. We also analyzed the sample using ultra‐performance LC‐MS/MS. CZE‐MS/MS generated approximately five times higher base peak intensity and more peptide identifications for low‐level spiked proteins. Both methods detected all proteins spiked at ~100 ppm level with respect to the antibody. 相似文献