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51.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been used to investigate the effect of reactive ion etching (RIE) on poly(methylhydrogensiloxane-co-dimethylsiloxane) surface in fluorine-based plasmas. Polysiloxane layers supported on the standard silicon wafers were etched using SF6 + O2 or CF4 + O2 plasmas. SEM studies show that the polysiloxane morphology depends on plasma chemical composition strongly. Presence of a columnar layer likely covered with a fluorine rich compound was found on the elastomer surface after the CF4 + O2 plasma exposure. After the SF6 + O2 or CF4 + O2 plasma treatment the polysiloxane surface enriches with fluorine or with fluorine and aluminum, respectively. Different morphologies and surface chemical compositions of the silicone elastomer etched in both plasmas indicate different etching mechanisms. 相似文献
52.
Piotr Frąckiewicz 《Physics letters. A》2018,382(48):3463-3469
The Li–Du–Massar quantum duopoly model is one of the generally accepted quantum game schemes. It has applications in a wide range of duopoly problems. Our purpose is to study Stackelberg's duopoly with incomplete information in the quantum domain. The result of Lo and Kiang has shown that the correlation of players' quantities caused by the quantum entanglement enhances the first-mover advantage in the game. Our work demonstrates that there is no first-mover advantage if the players' actions are maximally correlated. Furthermore, we proved that the second mover gains a higher equilibrium payoff than the first one. 相似文献
53.
54.
Piotr Kurzynowski 《Optics Communications》2006,259(2):424-427
The simple and easy methods of determining the important birefringent medium parameters have been presented. These methods allow us to measure some important quantities of the medium: the azimuth angle and the ellipticity angle of the first medium eigenvector, the phase difference introduced by the medium and intensity transmission coefficients of the two eigenwaves. The main idea of the methods described is based on the measurement of the four intensities of the linearly polarized light passed both: through the investigated medium, and through the medium and linear analyzer. 相似文献
55.
Zbigniew P. Piotrowski Piotr K. Smolarkiewicz Szymon P. Malinowski Andrzej A. Wyszogrodzki 《Journal of computational physics》2009,228(17):6268-6290
Astounded at the regularity of convective structures observed in simulations of mesoscale flow past realistic topography, we investigate the computational aspects of a classical problem of flow over a heated plane. We find that the numerical solutions are sensitive to viscosity, either incorporated a priori or effectively realized in computational models. In particular, anisotropic viscosity can lead to regular convective structures that mimic naturally realizable Rayleigh–Bénard cells, which are unphysical for the specified external parameter range. Details of the viscosity appear to play a secondary role; that is, similar structures can occur for prescribed constant viscosities, explicit subgrid-scale turbulence models, ad-hoc numerical filters, or implicit dissipation of numerical schemes. This implies the need for a careful selection of numerical tools suitable for convection-resolving simulations of atmospheric circulations. The implicit large-eddy-simulation (ILES) approach using non-oscillatory schemes is especially attractive, as for under-resolved calculations it reproduces well the coarsened results of finely-resolved boundary layer convection. 相似文献
56.
Jaros?aw Pykacz Piotr Fra?ckiewicz 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》2010,49(12):3243-3249
We study the possible influence of a not necessarily sincere arbiter on the course of classical and quantum 2×2 games and
we show that this influence in the quantum case is much bigger than in the classical case. Extreme sensitivity of quantum
games on initial states of quantum objects used as carriers of information in a game shows that a quantum game, contrary to
a classical game, is not defined by a payoff matrix alone but also by an initial state of objects used to play a game. Therefore,
two quantum games that have the same payoff matrices but begin with different initial states should be considered as different
games. 相似文献
57.
Colson S Konczykowski M Gaifullin MB Matsuda Y Gierłowski P Li M Kes PH Van Der Beek CJ 《Physical review letters》2003,90(13):137002
Vortex thermal fluctuations in heavily underdoped Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+delta) (T(c)=69.4 K) are studied using Josephson plasma resonance. From the zero-field data, we obtain the c-axis penetration depth lambda(L,c)(0)=230+/-10 micrometer and the anisotropy ratio gamma(T). The low plasma frequency allows us to study phase correlations over the whole vortex solid state and to extract a wandering length r(w) of vortex pancakes. The temperature dependence of r(w) as well as its increase with dc magnetic field is explained by the renormalization of the vortex line tension by the fluctuations, suggesting that this softening is responsible for the dissociation of the vortices at the first order transition. 相似文献
58.
Lisiecki R Solarz P Dominiak-Dzik G Ryba-Romanowski W Łukasiewicz T 《Optics letters》2010,35(23):3940-3942
Optical spectra and luminescence decay curves were measured for thulium-doped YVO(4), GdVO(4), and LuVO(4) single crystals as a function of temperature in the 300-670 K temperature region. In spite of structural similarity, the three systems studied display significantly different transition intensities and nonradiative relaxation rates. It was found, in particular, that the peak value of the pump band absorption intensity diminishes by about 30% for Tm:YVO(4) and Tm:GdVO(4), and the effective emission cross section for the laser transition of Tm(3+) diminishes by a factor of 2 roughly when temperature increases from 300 to 500 K. An unusually small quantum efficiency of the upper laser level in Tm:LuVO(4) has been derived from the analysis of luminescence decay curves. 相似文献
59.
Gunnar Aksnes Fayez Y. Khalil Piotr J. Majewski 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(2):157-161
Abstract This study reports rate data of the alkoxide promoted decomposition of triphenyl 3-hydroxypropyl phosphonium chloride, diphenyl di(3-hydroxypropyl)phosphonium chloride, and tetraphenyl phosphonium bromide. Comparison of kinetics, rate constants, and activation parameters of the alkoxide promoted decompositions points to different mechanism as compared to the hydroxyl promoted reaction. The alkoxide reaction is believed to proceed via a hexacovalent intermediate. Reasons for the hexacovalent route are discussed. 相似文献